中職教師心理學知識技能培養的重要性探析

劉丹

【Abstract】Secondary vocational school students have their unique psychological characteristics，mental health problems and behavioral problems，each one in-service teachers need to know and be able to use both psychological knowledge and skills to help vocational students to better learn and grow.

【Key words】Vocational training of teachers； psychology； vocational students' mental health problems

“Secondary vocational school students' psychological health education instruction summary”in July 2004 issued by the Ministry of Education said：“The goal of education is to improve the mental health of all students psychological quality，help students to establish mental health awareness，students optimistic psychological quality，psychological adjustment to enhance capacity，promote the healthy development of the personality of the students.”

Ⅰ.the psychological characteristics of vocational students

Most vocational school students is between 14-19 years old，in adolescence，there is a common psychological characteristics of adolescent students.But most of them also experienced the failure of the examination-oriented education is diverted from the“losers” and therefore has a different from ordinary high school students in the same age-specific psychological characteristics of groups.

1.Adolescent students to psychological and behavioral characteristics.Rapid physical and mental development of adolescent students，their mental development and complex and full of contradictions，in psychology is called a dangerous period.

Due to the rapid development of the body matures and sex，the students in this period will be more than their true psychological maturity“adult flu”，requires a certain social status and interpersonal status，eager to get the respect and trust of others.This is reflected in the school of life，reflecting the strong concern for their appearance and clothing，strong self-esteem，and focus on the development of personality，sometimes intentionally“made”with others different“personality”to show their difference.

2.Vocational students the unique psychological and behavioral characteristics.Most of the students in vocational school exam results in poor childhood or mischievous，were teachers，students，parents，the community and even labeled “poor student” student “bad boy” label，they grow throughout childhood in do not get enough love and respect，and thus before puberty has shown some unique psychological characteristics.After entering vocational schools，it is considered to be of general education "losers"，frustration further.This introverted，within attribution，quiet type of neural activity for students who usually manifested as depression，low self-esteem，withdrawal，withdrawal，etc.，may be to skip class，self-injury and other acts of self-mutilation to counter this frustration，while extroverts external attribution，excitatory neural activity for students who are often manifested as impulsiveness，irritability，paranoia，aggressive and strong emotions and behavior in order to gain an advantage in terms of violent way to get self-esteem，self-expression values.

Ⅱ.Vocational psychology teacher literacy status quo

Currently full-time teachers in vocational schools and more from the following three ways： plain normal students （undergraduate），vocational teachers normal students （undergraduate） and to study the appropriate professional graduate.

Currently most of the better conditions in vocational schools have set up specialized mental health counseling room and hire a qualified professional counseling teachers，but this is only suitable for a small number of serious psychological distress or mental disorder students scientific and effective counseling and coaching.

Ⅲ.The importance of vocational training of literacy teachers of psychology

In recent years，the entire academic and vocational education will be looking teacher training focused on“Double”teacher training，emphasizing professional skills training，has been relatively neglected use of psychological knowledge and skills to ease student knot inspire students learn the importance of interest.

A 2010 survey conducted for medical school students，vocational students surveyed mental health problems overall detection rate of 25.5 percent，there are more of the former mental health problems and so few are： obsessive-compulsive symptoms，study pressure，depressed，balance，anxiety，interpersonal sensitivity，depression，maladaptive，the investigation concluded that the need for full participation in vocational education students' mental health[2].2012 item in Liaoning，Jiangsu，Anhui，Hubei，Shanxi，Guangxi，Yunnan and other seven provinces （autonomous regions） in 1100 for the survey of students in vocational studies show that is highlighted and the general survey of psychological problems as depression vocational students ，weariness and escape learning，employment pressure，and the data show that there is mental confusion or disorder students，25.1% said they do not want to school counseling center for consultation，45.5% of students do not know whether they will take the initiative to seek psychological help only 29.5% of the students expressed their willingness to go to the school's counseling center set up help[3].2013 in Guangdong Province，the use of 90 symptom self-assessment checklist （SCL-90） to a vocational school students in 1262 mental health survey shows[4]，is obsessive-compulsive symptoms vocational students in the survey，interpersonal sensitivity factor is very prominent girls obsessive-compulsive symptoms，interpersonal sensitivity，depression，anxiety，terror score higher than boys，older students obsessive-compulsive symptoms，interpersonal sensitivity，depression，anxiety，hostility factor higher than freshmen，interpersonal sensitivity，terror，paranoia scores above the national high school students norm，the survey concluded that vocational students' mental health is relatively low，the need to strengthen the mental health education，improve school mental health system.

Most of the students in vocational subject in ordinary primary and secondary learning process a teacher，students injury，learning，teachers and students with a certain amount of resentment，if after entering vocational school teachers still lack a legitimate and reasonable care may further lose confidence and motivation to learn，and to cause more serious interpersonal problems.

For normal students in terms of vocational teachers can enhance the application of psychology in the undergraduate courses of study，rather than just learning general psychology and educational psychology theoretical.In terms of the curriculum can be increased psychology class，even more important is that these future teachers in vocational education have the opportunity to contact a real understanding of vocational students.

For serving vocational teachers，can enhance the training of psychology，mental health education levels so that each teacher really has improved，to establish the mental health education throughout the whole process of teaching philosophy，the care and teaching skills，unified communication skills，and to the preparation，teaching，counseling and other multiple links.

In short，the responsibility assumed the post of teachers is not only“teach”，but also“teaching skills”，but to do that，“educating people”work.Psychology Education maturity depends collective participation of all teachers，which indicates the importance of vocational training in the psychology faculty of knowledge and skills.Our current state of vocational teacher training in psychology，the relative neglect of the urgent need to change.

References：

[1]2011Tianjin Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Education Yearbook[M]Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences Press，2012：361.

[2]Zou Yuling，Li Li and other vocational students to explore mental health education model[J]full participation in school psychology.2010，8：253.

[3]Yujin Cong，Wei did not congruent secondary vocational school students' mental health[J]Chinese Journal of Health Psychology .2013，3：412.