高中英語高頻詞匯教學中的誤區及對策

一、高中英語高頻詞匯教學中的誤區

誤區一、正確項、干擾項中出現的高頻詞理解不夠準確。由于高頻詞詞義較多，大多數同學及老師都是用一層或兩層，最多也就三、四層漢語意義來描述其意義，因此學生就體會不到準確項中常規詞的實質意義。比如說，正話反話，雙重否定句代替肯定句，主系表結構代替主謂賓結構、名詞結構代替其動詞意義以及同義詞的替換。這些都是常規詞的不同語言組合形式來表達相同意義，因此，在閱讀中，我們要注意題支與原文意思的對比，從而得出正確答案。

如：07年全國高考卷中第一篇第59題：

原文最后一段“people say that a smile can be passed from one person to another，but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so，This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity as a whole，and it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways too，which can share with others.No matter how big or small，an act of kindness shows that someone cares.and the results can be everlasting.

Q：what do the couple learn from the experience？

A.strangers are usually of little help;B.one should take care of their bike;C.news reports make people famous;D.an act of kindness can mean a lot;

本題題干主人公learn from the experience，意思是指gain knowledge by experience，此句experience應該為經歷，event activity that affects someone in someway悟出人生中最大的或最主要的一種品質.而題目中的A，strangers are usually of little help陌生人對別人沒有幫助，根本不是一種崇高的、好的品質，此選項無中生有，與原文無關。B，one should take care of their bike人們應該看好自己的自行車，是生活中的一點小常識，此選項屬細節代替主題。C，news reports make people famous 新聞報道使人出名，這更不是主人公悟出的高品質。只有，D，an act of kindness can mean a lot 善良之舉意義非凡，在文中可以由：acts of kindness from strangers are even more so此句中，are even more so就相當于mean a lot，同義詞替換。另外在文章最后no matter how big or small，an act of kindness shows that someone cares.and the results can be everlasting.由此可以推出：an act of kindness can be everlasting and can be passed from one person to another因此，an act of kindness can mean a lot是對文章的中心或主要意圖的概括和總結。選項中mean就有很多不同的意義，而此題中的mean a lot也無法用比較準確的漢語意義來表述，因此，只能讓學生去體會。

又如：Last summer 16-year-old child died after being thrown from a speeding truck driven by a friend who had been drinking wine...Highway accidents are leading killer of the teenagers.

Q：Most teenagers lost their lives_ A.driving on the highways B.driving the speeding trucks C.in summer D，after drinking wine

這個例子中題干Most teenagers lost their lives與原文中Highway accidents are leading killer of the teenagers.，雖然在句子形式上不同，但意義基本相同，因此答案應該與本句有關。選項中B項：driving the speeding trucks將原文中一個特例推廣，屬于以偏概全。D項：after drinking wine 與原文不同，學生無意中就將選項誤解，這是酒后駕車，但是題干中根本沒有drive這樣一個詞在其中。因此本題只有選擇與原文中關鍵句相近的選項driving on the highways。

誤區二、混淆英語單詞和漢語詞在內涵及外延上的變化以及它們的比喻意義。

很多學生經常都是將句子先翻譯成漢語，再用對應的選項的漢語意思來結合找出對應答案，這類學生是我們教師在平常講課中過多使用漢語，使學生養成了用漢語來評價和定義英語的習慣。這類錯誤的原因在于不是每一個英語單詞就能用一個漢語意思準確表達的。在英語譯成漢語時其精髓就可能失去三分之一，反之，我們學生漢語水平較其英語水平高，本來很淺顯的英語句子理解得過分復雜。解決這類問題的辦法通常在詞匯教學中要注意給出該詞在該句中的準確的英語解釋，或將較難得句子paraphrase，這樣學生就可以比較準確地理解題干和題支的意義。

That cold January night，I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco.There I was walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre.With opening night only a week ago，I was still learning my lines.I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time.As I walked，I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco.City life became too much of me.

Q;How did the writer feel when she was walking home after working？A.cold and sick B.fortunate and helpful C.Satisfied and cheerful D.disappointed and helpless

本題答案D.本題的題干中feel不能簡單地解釋為physical feeling（身體上的感覺），而是作者態度、感情方面的理解。雖然在文章中用了cold sick，但并非真的“感冒”、“疾病”之意，因此原文中的cold January night意指天氣寒冷。Grow sick of my life理解為對生活的厭倦，讀者自然而想到厭倦生活的原因，從而推出是作者的悲觀失望與無助的感情態度

又如：Most people want to know how things are made.They honestly admit，however that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made，where a composer begins，how he manages to keep going in fact how and where he learns his trade –all are covered in complete darkness.The composer，in short，is a man of mystery.

Q：the word “covered in complete darkness” underlined in the paragraph most probably mean？

A.difficult to be made B.Without any light C.black in color D.not known

答案是D.此題中如果單純地把darkness理解成黑暗，而忽略了它的比喻意義，就很難選擇正確答案。

二、對常規詞的詞義的理解對策

對策一、理解常規詞的派生意義

語言的發展是在單詞發展的基礎上而逐漸發展起來的，一個詞在創造之初可能只有一個意思，這個意思稱為原始意義。隨著時間的推移和語言的發展，詞就取得了越來越多的意思。這些后來發展的意義都是從原始意義中派生出來的，都或多或少看得到原詞的影子。以face為例：1.face the front part of head，from the forehead to the chin臉，2.The expression shown on the face面孔面部表情，3.Surface or the side of something臉色表面4.The appearance，outward aspect外表5.Dignity，self-respect自尊6.Openly and directly so that somebody can hear當看某人的面。