張騏+李廷豪



摘要:針對財務轉移回報動機與強度探究家庭養老的有效性。利用2011年CHARLS全國基線調查數據,計算子女給予父母的財務轉移,以子女的教育程度和父母贈與的婚嫁禮物衡量父母早期付出,在交換動機的前提下,探究代際轉移“回報契約”的回報強度;并通過控制父母目前健康狀況,探討子女的回報是否存在利他因素。本文建立Tobit II型(ET2T)模型,使用海克曼(Heckman)兩步法進行回歸,結果表明,家庭養老的水平不高,父母月均收到200元,“回報契約”的強度不高、子女回報的利他因素較小,故從財務回報角度上,本文認為現今家庭養老的保障作用有限。另外,在財務轉移概率和數量上,兒子均大于女兒;農村子女給予概率更大,但數量更少;子女數量的增加不會減少財務的給予概率和數量:也就是說家庭養老的水平與子女數量成正比。
關鍵詞:家庭養老;代際回報;回報強度;轉移動機;財務轉移
中圖分類號:D632.1文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1000-4149(2015)02-0098-10
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2015.02.011
收稿日期:2014-08-18;修訂日期:2014-10-15
基金項目:首都社會建設與社會管理協同創新中心項目。
作者簡介:張騏,北京大學經濟學雙學士,首都經濟貿易大學勞動經濟學院碩士研究生;李廷豪,北京大學經濟學雙學士,紐約大學工學院碩士研究生。
A Research on Family Pension Financial Transfers Intergeneration Return
ZHANG Qi1, LI Tinghao2
(1.School of Labor Economics, Capital University of Economics and Bussiness, Beijing 100070, China;
2.Polytechnic School of Engineering, New York University, New York 11201-3840, USA)
Abstract:This paper aims at motivation and strength of financial transfers return to explore the validity of family pension. Using 2011 CHARLS baseline data, we calculate the financial return from children and parents early payment which is measured by childrens education and marriage gift received from parents. Under the exchanging motivation, we explore strength of intergenerational transfer “return contract”; and we explore whether there is altruism factor in children return by controlling the current health status of the parents. This paper establishes a Tobit type II (ET2T) model, using Heckman twostep method, the results show that the family pension is in low amount, the parents receive 200 Yuan monthly in average, and the intensity of the “return contract” is not high, the altruistic factor of children return isnt significant. Therefore, from the view of financial return, the family pension plays a limited role in pension. In addition, the financial transfers probability and amounts of sons are more than daughters; rural have large probability of family pension, but fewer amounts; children numbers increase dont reduce the probability and amount of financial transfer: that is to say family pension level is proportional to the children number.
Keywords:family pension; intergeneration return; return strength; transfer motivation; financial transfer
一、引言
中國擁有世界上最大規模的老年人群體,即將成為世界上老齡化最嚴重的國家。根據中國社會科學院發布的《中國財政政策報告》和國家統計局的統計:2011年以后的30年,中國人口老齡化將呈現加速發展態勢。2030年老年人口比例將超過日本,成為全球老齡化程度最高的國家:60歲及以上的老年人數量從2011年底的1.85億,約占總人口的12%,快速上升到2050年的34%,進入深度老齡化社會。中國的老齡化情況正在不斷加劇,對今后中國養老制度形成了嚴峻的挑戰。