’95世婦會(huì)以來中國(guó)婦女人權(quán)法律保障述評(píng)

薛寧蘭

（中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院 法學(xué)研究所，北京 100720）

’95世婦會(huì)以來中國(guó)婦女人權(quán)法律保障述評(píng)

薛寧蘭

（中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院 法學(xué)研究所，北京 100720）

’95世婦會(huì)回顧；婦女人權(quán)；應(yīng)有權(quán)利；法定權(quán)利；實(shí)有權(quán)利

婦女人權(quán)是婦女作為人所有的和應(yīng)當(dāng)享有的權(quán)利。法律是人權(quán)享有與實(shí)現(xiàn)的重要保障，人的應(yīng)有權(quán)利一旦得到國(guó)家法律確認(rèn)，便成為更加具體的、規(guī)范化的“法定權(quán)利”。1995年第四次世界婦女大會(huì)以來的20年間，中國(guó)制定、修改了一系列法律法規(guī)與政策，保障婦女權(quán)益、促進(jìn)性別平等的法律體系基本形成，婦女人權(quán)法律保障的內(nèi)容更加全面，政策框架基本定型,婦女在政治參與、勞動(dòng)就業(yè)與社會(huì)保障、人身權(quán)保障等方面的人權(quán)享有狀況不斷改善。2015后的中國(guó)婦女人權(quán)與法律發(fā)展應(yīng)當(dāng)與國(guó)家發(fā)展同步，以營(yíng)造有利于性別平等和婦女發(fā)展的社會(huì)文化環(huán)境；國(guó)家修改舊法、制定新法時(shí)，應(yīng)充分關(guān)注兩性的現(xiàn)實(shí)差異與婦女的特殊需求。

Abatracts：Women's human rights are the rights they have as human beings and should have enjoyed.Law is an important tool to ensure the enjoyment and exercise of human rights.Once a person's natural right to be confirmed by national law,it has become more specific and standardized"legal rights".China has formulated a series of laws,regulations and policies for protecting women's human rights since the 1995 4thWorld Conference on Women in Beijing.After two decades,the state's legal system has been much improved,the legal protection of women's human rights are more comprehensive.The status of women's human rights involving political participation,employment and social security,protection of personal rights has also been improved.In future,the development of Chinese women's human rights and law should be synchronized with the Chinese development,in order to create a friendly social and cultural environment for gender equality and women's development.The adoption of new laws and the reform of existing laws should particularly pay attention to the existing gender gaps and women's specific needs.

20世紀(jì)對(duì)于中國(guó)乃至世界而言，是婦女人權(quán)從邊緣逐漸進(jìn)入主流的世紀(jì)。1993年，聯(lián)合國(guó)第二次世界人權(quán)大會(huì)通過的《維也納宣言和行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)》第一次明確提出：“婦女和女童的人權(quán)是普遍性人權(quán)當(dāng)中不可剝奪和不可分割的一個(gè)組成部分”①；1995年，在北京召開的聯(lián)合國(guó)第四次世界婦女大會(huì)將“婦女的人權(quán)”作為12個(gè)重大關(guān)切領(lǐng)域之一并提出了系列戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。會(huì)議通過的兩個(gè)成果性文件《北京宣言》

①《維也納宣言和行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)》第一部分第18段，資料來源：http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/20/content_698242.htm。……