揚帆“一帶一路”重慶爭先奮楫

□ 文/朱晞顏

●（作者單位：中共重慶市委外事工作領導小組辦公室、重慶市人民政府外事僑務辦公室）

提出絲綢之路經濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路（以下簡稱“一帶一路”）戰略倡議，是我國適應全球形勢變化，統籌國際國內大局做出的重大決策。一年多來，中國以實際行動證明，“一帶一路”不僅僅是高瞻遠矚的宏偉藍圖，更是腳踏實地的深耕細作，通過“一帶一路”建設把中國與世界60多個國家90多個城市的發展更加緊密地聯系在一起，是新常態下打造經濟共同體、命運共同體、責任共同體的典型見證，也是我們貫徹“四個全面”總體布局的重大實踐。今年3月，習近平主席出席博鰲亞洲論壇2015年年會期間，《推進共建絲綢之路經濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路的愿景與行動》發布，掀起“一帶一路”建設新篇章。

重慶是中國內陸唯一的中央直轄市，也是國家中心城市和長江上游的經濟中心。在地域分布上，重慶處于“一帶一路”和長江經濟帶“Y”字形大通道的聯結點上，具有承東啟西、連接南北的獨特優勢，是絲綢之路經濟帶的重要戰略支點和海上絲綢之路的產業腹地。面對新的歷史責任和難得的歷史機遇，重慶將緊緊圍繞國家“一帶一路”戰略規劃，牢牢把握中央要求和對重慶的功能定位，堅持互利互惠、合作共贏的原則，以服務中央總體外交為統領，助推重慶開發開放為動力，充分發揮優勢，挖掘潛力，切實推進與“一帶一路”國家在政策溝通、設施聯通、貿易暢通、資金融通、民心相通等方面對接互補，加快重慶與相關國家在基礎設施、經貿往來、科教文化等領域開展務實合作，搭建起全方位、多層次、復合型的對外交往格局，實現重慶與“一帶一路”國家在更大范圍、更高水平、更深層次的合作共贏。

以推動設施建設為抓手，共建互聯互通大通道。充分發揮重慶的區位優勢，密切重慶與“一帶一路”國家的互聯互通水平。積極爭取國家支持，加快蘭渝、渝昆高鐵的建設進度，做實“渝新歐”鐵路大通道的承運水平，加快融入中歐通道鐵路運輸、口岸通關協調機制，用好“渝新歐”國際班列良好的運輸態勢，建設溝通境內外、連接東中西的運輸通道。積極帶動長江中上游地區和俄羅斯伏爾加河沿岸聯邦區的合作。向南，重慶將加快通過云南等的聯結，暢通與緬甸、越南等地的聯絡。積極培育重慶始發或經停重慶至南亞、中亞、西亞、中東歐等“一帶一路”區域的國際客貨航線。加快推進油氣管網建設，逐步形成以重慶為節點，連接中哈、中緬、沿江原油管道的原油供應通道。推動重慶直達國際通信業務出入口至日本、韓國、新加坡、香港等國家和地區的通信專線建設，構建起和“一帶一路”國家更加便捷暢通的交通大通道。

以加快經貿合作為重點，共謀互利互惠大產業。本著“企業主體、市場主導、政府推動、商業運作”原則創新國際區域合作模式，做好資源、資產、資金“走出去”和“引進來”的大文章。其一，引導重慶本土優勢企業赴外投資。重慶是中國的汽車之都，電子信息產業發展迅猛，裝備制造全國領先，而目前很多“一帶一路”國家絕大多數處于工業化初級階段，在相關產業領域需求旺盛，應大力鼓勵和引導優勢企業走出去，有選擇地赴“一帶一路”國家投資興業、設立加工企業，參與當地項目建設等。其二，推進國外資本與重慶深度融合。擴大對外資開放領域，允許外資資本進入相關行業和領域，吸引外資參與設立醫療、教育培訓、新聞廣電和數據服務等機構，鼓勵他們更多參與相關行業發展。其三，提升區域經濟對外開放水平。加快推動跨境金融合作，引入海外資本與金融改革創新，創新產業投融資模式，支持重慶企業開展人民幣跨境結算，進一步擴大人民幣跨境使用等等。

以構建科學機制為支撐，共搭互享互動大平臺。站在新的起點，必須另辟發展蹊徑，持續推動創新、支持創業，最大限度激發市場活力與創造力。其一，主動對口對接國際大市場建設。以兩江新區為平臺，以裝備制造為切入點，積極爭取開展相關合作試點，通過體制機制創新，形成國際貿易、國際物流、國際金融、信息集成、資源集聚與整合、綜合服務、休閑觀光和經濟發展的國家級示范園區。探索對外商投資實行準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理模式，開展人民幣離岸業務在岸結算試點。其二，在重慶設立相關的研發中心、產學研一體化基地和科技成果轉化平臺，完善引才、育才、用才、留才機制，有針對性地引進優秀人才，尤其是要聚攏好涉外人才“智力庫”資源。加大對海外人才的引進力度，推進和海外人才的良性互動，吸引“一帶一路”國家各類人才到重慶就業創業，匯聚國內外精英英才。其三，扶持創意新興產業發展。大力發展高新技術企業、文化創意企業、戰略性新興產業企業，試行更加靈活優惠的稅收措施，發展涵蓋電子信息、裝備制造、衛生教育、社會公共服務、文化創意、設計研發、動漫游戲在內的綜合服務業，將重慶打造成全球具有較大影響力的對外服務貿易示范城市。

以創新要素配置為動力，共興互補互融大市場。堅持內生增長和外涵發展并重，不斷提升經濟發展質量和水平。其一，積極培育跨境電子商務。目前國家已批準重慶為國家電子商務示范城市，重慶可依托“渝新歐”國際聯運大通道、仙桃數據谷等有利條件，選擇一批發展快、信用好、管理規范的電子商務平臺企業進行重點培育。其二，培育發展生產要素市場。培育發展現貨、期貨交易，建設交易交割、集散分撥中心，加大對“渝新歐”沿線、長江經濟帶沿線地區的物流輻射，把重慶建成面對“一帶一路”國家的重要流通集散基地。其三，充分激發本土消費潛力。依托兩路寸灘保稅港區、西永保稅區等開放平臺，建立免稅品物流中心、開設網上交易平臺、促進“一帶一路”國家的高端零售業在重慶落地發展。其四，做大做強本土優勢產業品牌。通過大企業示范帶動等方式，引導重慶企業建立現代企業制度并向集團化集群化發展模式轉變。深化與“一帶一路”國家的產業合作，鼓勵延伸產業鏈對接，加大產品研發創新和市場開拓力度，拓展市場份額。

以加快文旅融合為補充，共造互促互進大環境。重慶是我國的歷史文化名城，紅色文化、抗戰文化、三峽文化等特色鮮明，近年來與“一帶一路”國家的文化交流活動十分頻繁。我們要利用獨特的文化資源，以合作、創新和服務為主題，構建面向“一帶一路”國家的旅游休閑中心和對外文化傳播基地，高水平建設重慶文化旅游展示中心，高起點規劃建設大型重慶文化展示中心。選派人員赴“一帶一路”國家開展華文教學、文藝交流等活動。打造重慶主題文化基地和“一帶一路”旅游體驗展示基地，加快“一帶一路”旅游新線路開發，吸引“一帶一路”國家來渝開展旅游投資合作，共同講好重慶故事。為實現重慶與“一帶一路”戰略的對接與耦合，加快內陸開放高地建設營造良好環境。

The strategic initiative of Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (“One Belt and One Road”for short) is a major decision that China makes to adapt to changes in global situations and to coordinately grasp the overall international and domestic situations.Since its proposal more than one year ago,China,through its practice,proves that “One Belt and One Road”Initiative not only represents a high-aiming great blueprint but also its down-to-earth endeavor.Construction of “One Belt and One Road”closely connects China to over 90 cities in over 60 countries along “One Belt and One Road”.As a typical witness of China’s building an economic community,a community of common destiny and a communication of common responsibility under the new normal situation,“One Belt and One Road”embodies the major practice of China in implementing the general layout of “Four Comprehensiveness”,namely,comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society,comprehensively deepening reform,comprehensively implementing the rule of law and comprehensively strengthening Party discipline.President Xi Jinping delivered the report entitled Vision and Actions on Jointly Building the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road at the 2015 Bo’ao Forum for Asia in March this year,turning a new page in the construction of “One Belt and One Road”.

Chongqing,the only inland municipality directly under the central government in China,is a national central city and an economic center in the upper reaches of Yangtze River.Geologically,Chongqing,seated at the intersection of “One Belt and One Road”and the Y corridor of Yangtze River Economic Belt,is advantageous as it connects the east and the north to and the west and the south.It is an important strategic pivot of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the industrial rear area of the Maritime Silk Road.In the face of the new historical responsibilities and the rare opportunity,Chongqing,sticking to the national strategic planning for “One Belt and One Road”,fully understanding the requirements of the central government and functional positioning of Chongqing and adhering to principle of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation,will give full play to its advantages and tap its potentials to promote cooperation and complementation with countries along “One Belt and One Road”in policy coordination,facilities connectivity,unimpeded trade,financial integration and peopleto-people bond,speed up practical cooperation of Chongqing with relevant countries in infrastructure,economic transaction and trading,science,education and culture,establish an alldimensional,multi-tiered,composite foreign contact pattern,and realize broad,high-level and deep win-win cooperation of Chongqing with countries along “One Belt and One Road”under the guiding policy of serving the overall diplomacy of the central government and with the impetus of Chongqing development and opening-up.

Taking infrastructure construction as the breakthrough point,to jointly build a connectivity corridor.We will give full play to the geological advantages of Chongqing to improve its connectivity level with countries along “One Belt and One Road”.We will actively solicit the support of the central government,speed up construction of Lanzhou-Chongqing and Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railways and improve the carrying capability of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway corridor,so as to integrate into Sino-Europe Corridor railway transport and port custom declaration coordination mechanism more quickly,make good use of the sound transport situation of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe international trains and build up a transport corridor that connect East China,Central China and West China and connect China with foreign countries.We will actively promote cooperation between the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River with federal regions of Russia along the Volga River.To the south,Chongqing will tighten contact with Myanmar and Vietnam through Yunnan Province.We will active design new international passenger and freight air routes that depart from Chongqing to South Asia,Central Asia,West Asia and Central-East Europe along “One Belt and One Road”or head to these regions via Chongqing.We will speed up construction of oil and gas pipeline network and gradually build Chongqing into the junction connecting the Sino-Kazakhstan and Sino-Burmese crude oil supply pipelines and the crude oil supply pipeline along Yangtze River.We will promote construction of the direct international communication access and the dedicated communication lines to Japan,ROK,Singapore and Hong Kong,so as to establish a more convenient and smooth communication corridor with countries along “One Belt and One Road”.

To jointly develop mutual-beneficial industries with focus on accelerating economic and trade cooperation.In the principle of “enterprises as the main body,market taking dominance,government encouragement and commercial operation”,we will innovate in international regional cooperation mode and do a good job in export and import of resources,assets and funds.First,we will guide local advantageous enterprises in Chongqing to invest in foreign countries.Chongqing is known as the automobile capital of China.Its electronic information industry develops rapidly.It takes a leading position in equipment manufacturing.Many countries along “One Belt and One Road”are still in the preliminary stage of industrialization and have strong demands in relevant industrial fields.We shall encourage and lead advantageous enterprise to go global,selectively establish branches and processing enterprises in countries along “One Belt and One Road”,and participate in local projects.Second,we shall promote deep integration of foreign capitals with local market of Chongqing.We shall open up more sectors to foreign investment,allow foreign investment in relevant industries and fields,attract foreign investment in medical service,education and trainings,news,broadcasting and culture,and data services,and encourage them to participate more in development of relevant industries.Third,we will improve the level of Chongqing Region in economic opening-up.We will accelerate cross-border financial cooperation,introduce in overseas capitals,complete financial reform and innovation and innovate in industrial investment and financing modes,so as to support Chongqing enterprises in Renminbi cross-border settlement and further expand cross-border use of Renminbi.

To establish a platform for sharing and interaction with the support of scientific mechanism.Standing at the new starting point,we must walk a new way of development,continuously promote innovation and provide support to entrepreneurship to motivate market vitality and creativity to the maximum extent.First,we will actively coordinate in construction of international market.On the platform of Liangjiang New Area and using equipment manufacturing as the breakthrough point,we will actively carry out relevant pilot cooperation project and establish a state-level demonstration park in international trading,international logistics,international finance,information integration,resource agglomeration and integration,comprehensive services,recreation and sightseeing and economic development through system and mechanism innovation.We will explore the application of preaccess national treatment plus negative list management mode to foreign investment and implement pilot on-shore settlement of RMB offshore business.Second,we will establish R＆D centers,bases for integration of production,study and researches and the platform for industrialization of scientific and technological achievements,complete and mechanism of talent introduction,cultivation,utilization and keeping,so as to introduce in relevant excellent talent,especially build up a pool of foreign talents.We will intensify introduction of overseas talents,promote positive interaction with them,and gather elites in and abroad to attract talents from countries along “One Belt and One Road”to seek employment and entrepreneurship in Chongqing.Third,we will support development of newlyemerging creative industry.We will vigorously develop high and new technology enterprises,cultural creative enterprises and those engaged in strategic newly-emerging industries;we will try more flexible preferential tax measures;and we will development a comprehensive service sector that covers electronic information,equipment manufacturing,health and education,social public service,cultural creation,design and R＆D and animation and games,so as to build Chongqing into a demonstration city in foreign service and trade with major influence in the world.

To jointly development a complementary market under the impetus of allocation of creative factors.We will attach equal importance to endogenous growth and external development to constantly improve economic development quality and level.First,we will actively develop cross-border e-commerce.The central government has recognized Chongqing as a national e-commerce demonstration city.Relying on the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe international railway corridor and Xiantao Data Valley,Chongqing will give priority to cultivating a number of credible e-commerce platform enterprises that grow rapidly and are facilitated with standard management.Second,we will cultivate and develop factor market.We will develop spot and futures transactions,establish a trade delivery and distribution center and expand the logistic influence to regions along the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe railway and Yangtze River Economic Belt,so as to build Chongqing into an important circulation and distribution base for countries along “One Belt and One Road”.Third,we will give full play to local consumption potentials.Relying on the open platforms such as Lianglu Cuntan Bonded Port Area and Xiyong Bonded Area,we will establish duty-free commodities logistic center and establish an on-line transaction platform to promote development of high-end retail originated in countries along “One Belt and One Road”in Chongqing.Fourth,we will enlarge and strengthen local advantageous industrial brand.Under the demonstrative and driving effect of large enterprises,we will lead Chongqing enterprise to establish modern enterprise management systems and promote transformation of their development mode to collectivization or cluster development.We will deepen industrial cooperation with countries along “One Belt and One Road”,encourage extension and connection of industrial chain,intensify product R＆D and innovation and market exploitation,and increase market share.

To jointly create a mutual-promoting environment complemented by quicker cultural and tourism integration.As a historically and culturally-renowned city in China,Chongqing distinctively features red culture,anti-war culture and threegorge culture.In recent year,it has been frequently engaged in cultural exchange with countries along “One Belt and One Road”.We will utilize our unique cultural resources to build up a tourism and recreation center and an international cultural communication base that are themed on cooperation,innovation and service and are oriented to countries along “One Belt and One Road”.We will construct the cultural and tourism exhibition center of Chongqing and plan for and build up large Chongqing culture exhibition center at high level and high starting point.We will select and assign proper people to countries along “One Belt and One Road”for Chinese teaching and cultural and artistic exchange.We will build up Chongqing themed cultural base and “One Belt and One Road”tourist experience and exhibition base,accelerate development new tourist routes,and attract countries along “One Belt and One Road”to invest in and cooperate with Chongqing tourism industry,so as to introduce Chongqing to the world.In order to keep in line with “One Belt and One Road”Initiative,Chongqing will speed up its opening-up as the inland highland and create a favorable environment.