1. 問(wèn):有這樣兩個(gè)句子:The machine doesn’t work. The machine won’t work. 這里的doesn’t work與won’t work有什么區(qū)別?
答:這兩句話都正確,但意義不同:doesn’t是一般助動(dòng)詞,只協(xié)助句子構(gòu)成否定,客觀地說(shuō)明機(jī)器是壞的;won’t是情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,具有情緒化的色彩,表示“拒絕、不肯、怎么也不、就是不”。又如:
My car doesn’t start.(客觀地說(shuō)明車有故障,需要修理。)
I’ll be late for work, but my car just won’t start anyhow.(“無(wú)論如何也啟動(dòng)不了”,有情緒化色彩。可以表達(dá)我心中多么焦急。)
再看1996年一道高考題:
— Can I help you, sir?
— Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it .
A. didn’t work B. won’t work
C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
解析 題干答語(yǔ)意為“昨天我是在這里買的這臺(tái)收音機(jī),但它卻不響”,選doesn’t work。顧客在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“收音機(jī)有問(wèn)題”這一客觀事實(shí),意在退貨或換貨;若選won’t work則強(qiáng)調(diào)“收音機(jī)就是不響,太側(cè)重于情緒化,故doesn’t work為最佳答案。
2.問(wèn):介詞from之后可以再接一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)嗎?
答:是的,from是一個(gè)比較特殊的介詞,它后面常可接表地點(diǎn)的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。
①接表地點(diǎn)的副詞。如:from home從家里,from there從那兒, from upstairs從樓上, from abroad從國(guó)外, from outside從外面……
②接介詞短語(yǔ)。如:from behind the door從門(mén)后邊, from under the bed從床底下, from around the world來(lái)自世界各地, from beside the desk從桌子旁邊, ……
③表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如:from where you stand從你站立的地方, from where you can see me從你能看到我的地方, ……
④介詞from后也常接表時(shí)間的副詞。如:from now (on)從現(xiàn)在起, from then (on)從那時(shí)候起, from today從今天起, from long ago從很久以前, ……
3. 問(wèn):老師說(shuō)look up the dictionary是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)該用look up (the word) in the dictionary。是這樣嗎?
答:也不盡然。look up the dictionary在特定的語(yǔ)境中也是正確的。
查詞典應(yīng)該用refer to/consult the dictionary。但在詞典里查單詞卻常說(shuō)look up the word in the dictionary。in the dictionary是查找的地點(diǎn)(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)),look up 的賓語(yǔ)是要查找的對(duì)象the word,所以look up之后通常不直接跟詞典或參考書(shū)籍。又如:
He wanted to look up an example in the reference book. 他想在參考書(shū)上找一個(gè)例子。
但若將詞典、姓名、號(hào)碼……等作為查找的對(duì)象時(shí),可以用look up,如:
He is looking up the dictionary in the index. 他在索引中查找那本詞典。