朱海勇+鐘敏+楊軍+宋美珍
摘要:利用“實踐八號”衛星搭載不同類型棉花(Gossypium spp)品種(系),系統地研究航天處理后代主要農藝性狀的變異。結果表明,航天誘變對棉花各品種農藝性狀的變異主要表現在SP1代,且農藝性狀的變異大多表現出雙向性。在形態變異方面,海島棉遠多于陸地棉;在農藝性狀的變異方面,SP1代夏棉比春棉變異多,SP2代夏棉的變異減少而春棉的變異增加;就單個農藝性狀而言,航天誘變后代變異度最大的是鈴數,變異度最小的是播種至開花的天數。
關鍵詞:棉花(Gossypium spp);航天誘變;變異
中圖分類號:S562;S-3 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ?文章編號:0439-8114(2014)20-4809-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2014.20.009
Variations of Cotton Agronomic Traits Mutated by Space
ZHU Hai-yong1, ZHONG Min2, YANG Jun2, SONG Mei-zhen1
(1.Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Anyang 455000,Henan,China;
2.Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi province, Jiujing 322000,Jiangxi,China)
Abstract: Different types of cotton varieties(lines) were carried by “shijian8” satellite to analyze the variation of major agronomic traits of Gossypium spp. The results showed that the largest effect of mutation on agronomic traits of cotton varieties was in the SP1 generation. The variation of agronomic traits was increase or decreased. The variation of morphology in the Sea Island cotton was much higher than that in Upland cotton. The variation of agronomic traits in the summer cotton was larger than that in spring cotton in SP1 generation. The variation of summer cotton was reduced and the variation of spring cotton tended to increase in SP2 generation. For individual agronomic trait, mutation rate of the number of bell was the largest and the number of days from sowing to flowering was the smallest in off spring of space mutation.
Key Words: Gossypium spp;space mutation;variance
航天誘變育種起步于20世紀60年代,我國于1987年開始航天誘變育種工作。植物航天育種又稱航天誘變育種或空間誘變育種,是指利用返回式衛星或高空氣球將農作物種子帶到太空,利用太空特殊的環境(宇宙射線、微重力、高真空、弱磁場等)使農作物種子產生誘變,再返回地面選育新種質,培育新品種的育種新技術[1,2]。植物航天誘變育種具有獨特的優勢,作為地球表面無法模擬的特殊誘變源,越來越受到育種家的重視[3]。另外,通過航天誘變可以產生一些在地面未見的獨特性狀,為生理學及發育學等提供寶貴的研究材料。航天誘變育種技術是農作物育種的新興領域和重要手段,可以加速農作物新種質資源的塑造和突破性優良品種的選育。航天誘變所產生的突變具有廣譜性、特異性、高頻性及快速性等優點,已在作物新種質的創造和新品種選育方面取得了重大成果?!?br>