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高血壓并房顫與同型半胱氨酸、踝臂指數的相關性

2014-11-10 05:20:14孫國鋒陳圖剛譚維羚等
中國醫學創新 2014年29期
關鍵詞:高血壓

孫國鋒+陳圖剛+譚維羚+等

【摘要】 目的:探討高血壓患者心房顫動(AF)發作與血同型半胱氨酸、踝臂指數的相關性。方法:將120例老年原發性高血壓病患者按照有無合并AF發作分為兩組:AF組為合并AF發作組65例;對照組為不合并AF發作(竇性心律組)55例,分別做血清同型半胱氨酸濃度和踝臂指數的檢測,比較兩組血清同型半胱氨酸水平、踝臂指數的高低。結果:高血壓并AF組血清同型半胱氨酸濃度明顯高于竇性心律組,踝臂指數小于竇性心律組,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論:高血壓患者并AF發作有更高的血清同型半胱氨酸水平和更低的踝臂指數。

【關鍵詞】 高血壓; 心房顫動; 血同型半胱氨酸; 踝臂指數

高血壓患者并發心房顫動(AF)是發生腦卒中的常見原因之一,探討高血壓房顫的機制具有重要的臨床意義。曾有研究認為,AF的發生可能與遺傳因素、離子通道和電生理特性異常有關[1-2]。現有研究表明,出生體重、腎功能和收縮、舒張壓對AF的發生和發展都有一定的影響[3-5]。且收縮壓比舒張壓能更好地預測AF的發生。甚至有研究表明對非高血壓患者來說,收縮壓也和AF的發生獨立相關[5]。

同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)是一種含硫氨基酸。有研究表明,血漿Hcy是動脈粥樣硬化性疾病的獨立危險因素[6]。踝臂指數(ABI)是指踝部動脈收縮壓和肱動脈收縮壓的比值。正常ABI值在0.91~1.3之間,低于或等于0.9認為是外周動脈硬化的證據。ABI被認為是心血管事件如腦卒中、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、死亡率的獨立預測因素[7-9]。本文探討高血壓患者AF發作與血清同型半胱氨酸水平和踝臂指數的相關性。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 隨機入選2012年1月-2014年1月在本院心內科住院治療的老年(60歲以上)原發性高血壓患者120例,年齡60~82歲,平均(70.18±6.35)歲,按照有無合并AF發作分為兩組:AF組為伴有AF發作65例;對照組為不合并AF即竇性心律組55例。兩組患者的年齡、性別等基線資料比較差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。高血壓診斷符合2010年中國高血壓防治指南高血壓診斷標準,除外繼發性高血壓等疾病。

1.2 方法 血Hcy測定:患者清晨空腹采集肘正中靜脈血,送本院生化實驗室自動分析儀檢測血Hcy,參考值范圍5.0~15.0 μmol/L。踝臂指數測定:左右兩側ABI各測量3次,取其平均值[11]。雙側下肢ABI均需測量,取最高的踝部收縮壓除以同側脛后動脈和足背動脈收縮壓,選用最低的ABI值用于分析。

1.3 統計學處理 采用SPSS 12.0統計軟件進行統計學分析,計量資料用(x±s)表示,兩組間均數比較采用t檢驗,高血壓房顫和Hcy、ABI相關性分析應用Pearson 檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 兩組高血壓患者血Hcy和ABI水平比較 AF組患者血Hcy平均為(11.07±5.09)μmol/L,明顯高于竇性心律組的(8.42±2.37)μmol/L,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。AF組患者ABI平均為(0.86±0.19),明顯低于竇性心律的(1.10±0.15),差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。

2.2 相關性分析 高血壓并發房顫患者與Hcy呈正相關(r=0.43,P<0.05),與ABI水平呈負相關(r=-0.39,P<0.05) 。

3 討論

本研究發現,合并AF組的患者血Hcy明顯高于對照組血Hcy,差異具有統計學意義。在高血壓患者中,血Hcy越高,AF發生率也越高。自1969年Mccully首次提出Hcy是動脈粥樣硬化重要的潛在致病因素以來,Hcy與高血壓的關系日益受到重視。

近年大量研究表明,高Hcy與心血管疾病有著密切的關系,特別是高血壓合并高Hcy者危害更大[11]。高Hcy可以損傷血管內皮細胞,促進血管平滑肌細胞增殖或凋亡,影響脂質代謝。高Hcy血癥高血壓易導致AF的發作。高血壓并發AF和高Hcy血癥之間關系密切。故在此類患者中,服用他汀類藥物或適當補充B族維生素,降低血Hcy水平,可以改善心血管患者高危人群的內皮功能[12],從而降低高血壓并AF患者腦卒中發生的危險。

從高血壓患者并發AF與ABI關系研究中發現,合并AF組的患者血清ABI為(0.86±0.19),明顯低于對照組的(1.10±0.15),差異具有統計學意義。提示有房顫的高血壓患者的ABI明顯比無房顫的高血壓患者的ABI數值要低(P<0.05)。

有研究表明,心血管疾病的預后在有房顫的患者中比無房顫的患者更差[10]。還有研究表明,有房顫的心血管病患者相比無房顫的患者來說,更易有低ABI和PAD的可能性[10]。

據相關研究報道,ABI是一個獨立的未來心血管事件的獨立預測因素,ABI評估和相關的治療也許對預防未來進一步的心血管事件有很大的影響[13-14]。

德國Lange等[15]在一個周期一年的前瞻性隊列研究中表明,有著低ABI的患者全因死亡的風險增加,低ABI與高Hcy水平聯合檢測有助于鑒別出高危患者。ABI與Hcy聯合檢測對高血壓并房顫患者可以較好地預測腦卒中的發生風險。

參考文獻

[1] Wijffels M C,Kirchhof C J,Dorland R,et al.Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation.A study in awake chronically instrumented goats[J].Circulation,1995,92(7):1954-1968.

[2]陳灝珠 心房顫動診斷與治療的進展和展望[J].中國實用內科雜志,2006,26(2):82-85.endprint

[3] David Conen Birth. Weight is a significant risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation[J]. Circulation,2010, 122(8): 764-770.

[4] Alvaro Alons. Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) Study[J].Circulation, 2011, 123(25): 2946-2953.

[5] David Conen. Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women[J].Circulation, 2009 ,119(16): 2146-2152.

[6] Tayama J,Munakata M,Yoshinaga K,et al.Higher plasma homocysteine concentrations associated with more advanced systemic arterial stiffness and greater blood pressure response to stress in hypertensive patients[J].Hypertens Res,2006,9(6):403-409.

[7] Bhatt D L, Wilson P W, DAgostino R Sr, et al. REACH Registry Investigators. One year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis[J].JAMA,2007,297(11):1197-1206.

[8] Mkenna M, Wolson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality[J]. Atherosclerosis, 1991,87(45):119-128.

[9] Gallego P, Roldán V, Marín F, et al. Ankle brachial index as an independent predictor of mortality in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation[J]. European Journal of Clinical Investigation,2012,42(12):1302–1308.

[10] Edita Ma?anauskien?, Albinas Naud?iūnas. Comparison of Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation[J]. Medicina (Kaunas),2011,47(12):641-645.

[11] Bogdanski P, Ewa Milller-Kasprzak E, Pupek-Musialik D, et al. Homocysteine,atherosclerosis, and endothelial progenitor cells in hypertension[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2012,50(78):1107-1113.

[12] Wustmann,K, Marco,B, Annika, et al. Additive effect of homocysteine- and cholesterol-lowering therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiovascular therapeutics,2012,30(46):1755-5922.

[13] Belch J J, Topol E J, Agnelli G, et al. Critical issues in peripheral arterial disease detection and management[J]. Arch Inter Med,2003,163(8):884-892.

[14] Hirsch A T, Criqui M H, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care[J]. JAMA,2001,286(11):1317-1324.

[15] Lange S, TrampischaH J,Haberlb R,et al. Excess 1-year cardiovascular risk in elderly primary care patients with a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) and high homocysteine level[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2005, 178(2): 351-357.

(收稿日期:2014-03-10) (本文編輯:陳丹云)endprint

[3] David Conen Birth. Weight is a significant risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation[J]. Circulation,2010, 122(8): 764-770.

[4] Alvaro Alons. Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) Study[J].Circulation, 2011, 123(25): 2946-2953.

[5] David Conen. Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women[J].Circulation, 2009 ,119(16): 2146-2152.

[6] Tayama J,Munakata M,Yoshinaga K,et al.Higher plasma homocysteine concentrations associated with more advanced systemic arterial stiffness and greater blood pressure response to stress in hypertensive patients[J].Hypertens Res,2006,9(6):403-409.

[7] Bhatt D L, Wilson P W, DAgostino R Sr, et al. REACH Registry Investigators. One year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis[J].JAMA,2007,297(11):1197-1206.

[8] Mkenna M, Wolson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality[J]. Atherosclerosis, 1991,87(45):119-128.

[9] Gallego P, Roldán V, Marín F, et al. Ankle brachial index as an independent predictor of mortality in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation[J]. European Journal of Clinical Investigation,2012,42(12):1302–1308.

[10] Edita Ma?anauskien?, Albinas Naud?iūnas. Comparison of Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation[J]. Medicina (Kaunas),2011,47(12):641-645.

[11] Bogdanski P, Ewa Milller-Kasprzak E, Pupek-Musialik D, et al. Homocysteine,atherosclerosis, and endothelial progenitor cells in hypertension[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2012,50(78):1107-1113.

[12] Wustmann,K, Marco,B, Annika, et al. Additive effect of homocysteine- and cholesterol-lowering therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiovascular therapeutics,2012,30(46):1755-5922.

[13] Belch J J, Topol E J, Agnelli G, et al. Critical issues in peripheral arterial disease detection and management[J]. Arch Inter Med,2003,163(8):884-892.

[14] Hirsch A T, Criqui M H, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care[J]. JAMA,2001,286(11):1317-1324.

[15] Lange S, TrampischaH J,Haberlb R,et al. Excess 1-year cardiovascular risk in elderly primary care patients with a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) and high homocysteine level[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2005, 178(2): 351-357.

(收稿日期:2014-03-10) (本文編輯:陳丹云)endprint

[3] David Conen Birth. Weight is a significant risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation[J]. Circulation,2010, 122(8): 764-770.

[4] Alvaro Alons. Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) Study[J].Circulation, 2011, 123(25): 2946-2953.

[5] David Conen. Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women[J].Circulation, 2009 ,119(16): 2146-2152.

[6] Tayama J,Munakata M,Yoshinaga K,et al.Higher plasma homocysteine concentrations associated with more advanced systemic arterial stiffness and greater blood pressure response to stress in hypertensive patients[J].Hypertens Res,2006,9(6):403-409.

[7] Bhatt D L, Wilson P W, DAgostino R Sr, et al. REACH Registry Investigators. One year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis[J].JAMA,2007,297(11):1197-1206.

[8] Mkenna M, Wolson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality[J]. Atherosclerosis, 1991,87(45):119-128.

[9] Gallego P, Roldán V, Marín F, et al. Ankle brachial index as an independent predictor of mortality in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation[J]. European Journal of Clinical Investigation,2012,42(12):1302–1308.

[10] Edita Ma?anauskien?, Albinas Naud?iūnas. Comparison of Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation[J]. Medicina (Kaunas),2011,47(12):641-645.

[11] Bogdanski P, Ewa Milller-Kasprzak E, Pupek-Musialik D, et al. Homocysteine,atherosclerosis, and endothelial progenitor cells in hypertension[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2012,50(78):1107-1113.

[12] Wustmann,K, Marco,B, Annika, et al. Additive effect of homocysteine- and cholesterol-lowering therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiovascular therapeutics,2012,30(46):1755-5922.

[13] Belch J J, Topol E J, Agnelli G, et al. Critical issues in peripheral arterial disease detection and management[J]. Arch Inter Med,2003,163(8):884-892.

[14] Hirsch A T, Criqui M H, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care[J]. JAMA,2001,286(11):1317-1324.

[15] Lange S, TrampischaH J,Haberlb R,et al. Excess 1-year cardiovascular risk in elderly primary care patients with a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) and high homocysteine level[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2005, 178(2): 351-357.

(收稿日期:2014-03-10) (本文編輯:陳丹云)endprint

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