于健 王兵
[摘要] 目的 比較阿爾茨海默病(AD)、輕度認知障礙(MCI)、健康老人腦電圖(EEG)及神經心理學測試(MMSE)特點。 方法 選擇2012年1月~2013年1月海軍總醫院海空勤體檢中心進行檢查的老年MCI患者115例為MCI組,選擇同期AD患者共105例為AD組,健康體檢老年人80名為對照組。三組均進行EEG檢查和MMSE測試并比較檢查結果。 結果 ①MCI組EEG總異常61例(53.0%),AD組EEG總異常98例(93.3%),對照組EEG總異常24例(30.0%),三組EEG總異常發生率比較,差異有高度統計學意義(χ2=87.87,P < 0.01)。②三組MMSE評分中,時間、地點定向,即刻記憶,計算、回憶、命名、復述、閱讀、結構、書寫能力,三步命令,總分等項目差異均有統計學意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。兩兩比較中,MCI組地點定向,計算、回憶、結構、書寫能力評分與對照組比較,差異均有統計學意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);而AD組時間、地點定向,即刻記憶,計算、回憶、命名、復述、閱讀、結構、書寫能力,三步命令等各項評分與對照組比較差異均有統計學意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),而與MCI組比較差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。MCI組和AD組MMSE總分與對照組比較,差異均有統計學意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。 結論 EEG檢查并結合MMSE量表評價可對MCI患者做出較為準確的評價,是能夠早期對MCI做出診斷的有效方法。
[關鍵詞] 輕度認知障礙;阿爾茨海默病;腦電圖;神經心理學測試
[中圖分類號] R749.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2014)02(b)-0031-04
Comparative study of electroencephalogram, neuropsychological tests in patients with Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment and elderly healthy people
YU Jian1 WANG Bing2
1.Department of Haikongqin Medical Center, Navy General Hospital, Liaoning Province, Dalian 100048, China; 2.Shandong Cancer Prevention and Control Institute, Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250117, China
[Abstract] Objective To compare the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG), neuropsychological tests in elderly healthy people and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods 115 cases with MCI from January 2012 to January 2013 in Department of Haikongqin Medical Center, Navy General Hospital were selected as MCI group, 105 patients in the same term with AD were chosen as AD group, and 80 healthy elderly people were selected as control group. EEG and MMSE were used to test and the result was compared. Results ①61 cases (53.0%) with EEG total abnormity in MCI group, 98 cases (93.3%) with EEG total abnormity in AD group, 24 cases (30.0%) EEG total abnormity in control group were found; the difference of occurrence rate of EEG total abnormity in three groups was statistically significant (χ2=87.87, P < 0.01). ②The differences of time orientation, place orientation, immediate memory, calculation capability, memory capability, nomenclature capability, retelling ability, reading ability, structure ability, writing ability, three-step command, total points in MMSE score among three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The differences of place orientation, calculation capability, memory capability, structure ability, writing ability scores between MCI group and control group were statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The differences of time orientation, place orientation, immediate memory, calculation capability, memory capability, nomenclature capability, retelling ability, reading ability, structure ability, writing ability, three-step command scores between AD group and control group were statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); the differences of above indexes between AD group and MCI group were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The difference of total point between MCI group, AD group and control group was statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion EEG combined with MMSE scale can give accurate evaluation of the MCI patients, it is an effective method to diagnose MCI.
[Key words] Mild cognitive impairment; Alzheimer disease; Electroencephalogram; Neuropsychology test
阿爾茨海默病(AD)是常見的神經系統退化性疾病,輕度認知功能障礙(MCI)是在AD發展過程中出現的疾病,其認知功能缺損狀態較正常老齡化嚴重,但尚未達到AD診斷標準[1]。已有的研究認為,MCI是最終發展為AD的危險因素之一[2]。研究MCI的臨床特點對進一步明確AD的發生、發展有重要的意義,從而為AD的早期診斷、早期治療提供可靠依據和借鑒。腦電圖(EEG)及神經心理學測試(MMSE)是臨床常用的AD及MCI診斷依據和方法,本研究采用EEG及MMSE測試對AD及MCI患者進行評估和檢測,并對檢測的結果進行比較和分析,現報道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2012年1月~2013年1月來海軍總醫院海空勤體檢中心進行檢查的老年MCI患者共計115例為MCI組。均按相關標準診斷為MCI,所有患者均行頭顱CT/MRI掃描。其中男62例,女53例;年齡60~86歲,平均(77.8±6.1)歲;平均受教育年限(11.2±4.7)年。入選標準:根據《美國精神類疾病診斷手冊(第4版)》(DSM-Ⅳ)的相關標準,并結合具體情況:①年齡>60歲;……