曾克輝
1. 問:“too…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示肯定意義嗎?
答:是的,“too…too…”也可以表達(dá)肯定意義,常見的有以下幾種情況:
①“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞時,常表示肯定的意義。如:ready, anxious, willing, easy, hard, eager, pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied, kind等等。
She is too ready to get excited. 她太容易激動了。
Johnson is too hard to get along with. 約翰遜太難相處了。
②“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有but, only, all, just, simply等詞的時候表示肯定意義。
He is only too eager to see you. 他急于想見到你。
I am too glad to work with Mr. Wang. 我非常高興能和王先生一起工作。
③當(dāng)不定式在句中作定語或真正的主語時。
There exist too many problems to be solved. 有很多問題有待解決。
Its too pleasant to travel together with my family. 能和家人一起去旅游我感到很愉快。
④cannot be too … to表示 “越……越好;無論如何……也不過分”。
You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你過街的時候越小心越好。(=cannot be careful enough to...)
⑤never / not too...to... “不太……可以……; 再……也可以……”
One is never/not too old to learn. 活到老,學(xué)到老。(諺)
Im never too busy to spare some time to accompany you. 我再忙也可以抽出時間來陪你。
⑥ too…not to “很……不會不……”
She is too sensitive not to understand your intentions. 她很敏感,不會不明白你的意圖。
2. 問:以“f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時很難掌握,是否有什么規(guī)律?
答:有規(guī)律,通常注意以下三點(diǎn)就可以了。
①“f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)少數(shù)加-ves, 總共只有13個:elf-elves, knife-knives, calf-calves, leaf-leaves, life-lives, loaf-loaves, self-selves, sheaf-sheaves, shelf-shelves, thief-thieves, wife-wives, wolf-wolves, half-halves
②“f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)多數(shù)直接加-s,有100多個:belief-beliefs, cliff-cliffs, cuff-cuffs, chief-chiefs, fief-fiefs, grief-griefs, safe-safes, sheriff-sheriffs...
③但也有少數(shù)名詞兩種情況均可:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves, hoofs/hooves, scarfs-scarves, wharfs/wharves, oafs/oaves, ...
(注意:在拿不準(zhǔn)的情況下,只要不是①中的13個名詞,就可以統(tǒng)統(tǒng)直接加-s。)
3. 問:老師說but也可以用作關(guān)系代詞,是這樣嗎?如果是,該如何使用?
答:是的,不過but用作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句必須符合兩個條件:
①主句部分必須是否定式或帶有否定意義的詞(no, little, few, hardly, barely, seldom, nobody, nothing...)。
②but作關(guān)系代詞相當(dāng)于which/that/who + 否定式的謂語。即整個復(fù)合句是以雙重否定的形式來加強(qiáng)語氣。例如:
There is no mother but loves her own children.沒有不愛自己孩子的母親。(but loves = who/that does not love)
I find few but admire him for his talents. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)很少有人不欽佩他的才華。(but admire = that/who dont admire)
He hardly has problems but can be solved. 他簡直就沒有解決不了的問題。(but can be solved = which/that cant be solved)
4. 問:什么時候可以使用無生命名詞所有格?