復習動詞不定式的語態(tài)

李輝　戴浩仁

一、動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)

1. 不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表達的動作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。進行時和完成進行時沒有被動語態(tài)。

（1）作主語

It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.

【考題鏈接】

is better to love than .

A. That， to be loved B. That， be loved

C. It， be loved D. It， to be loved

答案 D

解析 這里It為形式主語，而than連接的是兩個動詞不定式。

（2） 作賓語

She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.

（3） 構(gòu)成復合賓語

He wanted the letter to be typed at once.

She didnt like herself to be praised like that.

（4） 構(gòu)成復合謂語

The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.

（5） 作定語

Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office？

【考題鏈接】

His first book next month is based on a true story.

A. published B. to be published

C. to publish D. being published

答案 B

解析 非謂語動詞作后置定語，由時間狀語next month可知所填非謂語動詞表示將來的動作，用動詞不定式，其邏輯主語是所修飾的名詞book，不定式與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動式，選B。

（6） 作狀語

She was too young to be assigned such work.

【考題鏈接】

The news reporters hurried to the airport， only the film stars had left.

A. to tell B. to be told

C. telling D. Told

答案 B

解析 reporters與tell之間為被動關(guān)系，從B、D中選。再由過去分詞不能作結(jié)果狀語，而不定式可以得出B項正確。

2.不定式有時還可以有完成時的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復合賓語、復合謂語等，如：

It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. （主語）

She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. （賓語）

He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （復合賓語）

The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （復合謂語）

She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定語）

二、不定式的主動形式表示被動意義

1.不定式作定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，且不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。如：

I have something important to do tonight.

（to do 和something important 構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，句子的主語I 是不定式的邏輯主語。）

We have masses of work to do， so I am afraid we can not keep on with the talk with you right now.

If you want to make greater progress， you still have many difficulties to overcome.

2.不定式作定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，且不定式的邏輯主語就是被不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞（作直接賓語）前的間接賓語，即間接賓語和不定式構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。如：

I will give you two more exercises to do.

（you是間接賓語，是不定式to do的邏輯主語，它們構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，two more exercises是直接賓語，其和不定式to do構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。）

以上兩點不定式的邏輯主語均在句子里呈現(xiàn)，其邏輯主語（及不定式表示的動作的執(zhí)行者）或是句子的主語，或是句子的間接賓語，反之，若其邏輯主語不在句子里出現(xiàn)，即不定式表示的動作的執(zhí)行者不是句子的主語或間接賓語，那么不定式要用被動語態(tài)，注意下列兩句的區(qū)別。……