禁煙令沖擊俄羅斯餐飲業(yè)

新聞背景

各國(guó)禁煙法

截至2006年10月，全世界已經(jīng)有154個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)頒布了公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙的規(guī)定。愛(ài)爾蘭是世界上第一個(gè)立法規(guī)定工作場(chǎng)所禁煙的國(guó)家。加拿大和美國(guó)也通過(guò)省或者州級(jí)立法措施實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)煙化。新加坡環(huán)境局規(guī)定娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所經(jīng)營(yíng)者看到有煙客違法或接獲投訴時(shí)必須采取行動(dòng)，對(duì)沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行規(guī)定或及時(shí)勸阻的經(jīng)營(yíng)者也會(huì)進(jìn)行罰款。在澳大利亞，禁煙令規(guī)定在公共場(chǎng)所不允許任何人抽煙，不準(zhǔn)有煙灰缸、火柴、打火機(jī)和其他抽煙用品，并且明確了“公共場(chǎng)所”的定義。

世界衛(wèi)生組織制定的《煙草控制框架公約》于2011年在中國(guó)全面實(shí)施。這意味著中國(guó)要在三年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)工作場(chǎng)所、公共交通工具、室內(nèi)公共場(chǎng)所全面禁煙的承諾。

Russians love to smoke. In fact， 40% of them do. That’s 44 million people lighting up in restaurants， bars and on public transport. But that was before. Now， if you want to smoke in Russia， you’re exiled to the pavement. Almost 400，000 Russians died from smoking-related diseases in 2012， and so President Putin has brought in a new law 1）in a bid to improve public health.

Student： （via translator） I think that it’s right not to smoke in public places. You have to respect the interests of non-smokers because the air is public. To make it dirtier is bad.

This law expands on one brought in last year， which banned people smoking in workplaces， 2）housing block stairwells， buses and commuter trains， as well as within 15 metres of train stations and airports. Now the ban has extended to restaurants. Many of them have emptied.

Igor Bukharov （Pres. of Moscow Restaurant Federation）： （via translator） We are seeing less clients. It’s not clear when they will come back. We asked for the law to be introduced in the summer so people could go onto the streets and smoke there. That would make the transition smoother.

As part of the new law， too， cigarettes can no longer be put on display in shops or sold in 3）kiosks. But with so many smokers’ minds to change， many think there is only one way this ban will work.

Resident： （via translator） Only a system of fines will help to solve this. In Russia， the best punishment is a fine. Fines regulate everything. It’s like with the safety belts. When the fines were raised， everybody started to fasten them.

Since the tax on cigarettes went up last year， the government says fewer people now smoke. Those that still do have taken to the streets this week to obey the law， but the true test of this new ban will be in a few months when we’ll see if smokers will still go outside for a cigarette in the cold Russian winter.

俄羅斯人喜歡抽煙。事實(shí)上，40%的俄羅斯人都是煙民。這就意味著四千四百萬(wàn)人會(huì)在飯店、酒吧，以及公共交通設(shè)施內(nèi)抽煙。不過(guò)那都是過(guò)去的事情了。如今，如果你在俄羅斯想吸煙，就會(huì)被趕到人行道上去。在2012年，近四十萬(wàn)俄羅斯人死于由吸煙引起的各種疾病，普京總統(tǒng)因而頒發(fā)一項(xiàng)新法令，以改善公眾健康。

學(xué)生：（通過(guò)翻譯）我認(rèn)為在公眾場(chǎng)所禁煙是對(duì)的。你得尊重非吸煙人士的利益，因?yàn)榭諝馐谴蠹业模廴究諝獠缓谩?/p>

該法令是對(duì)去年頒布的一項(xiàng)禁令的擴(kuò)展。去年的禁令規(guī)定了工作場(chǎng)所、公寓樓梯間、公交車(chē)、通勤列車(chē)，以及火車(chē)站和機(jī)場(chǎng)周邊15米范圍內(nèi)都是禁煙范圍。如今，新禁令將范圍擴(kuò)大到餐館，結(jié)果是許多飯店人去樓空。……