摘 要:小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師在教學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇時(shí),將教學(xué)過(guò)程分為三個(gè)步驟:1.閱讀前;2.閱讀中;3.閱讀后。在教學(xué)中,教師一定要聚焦各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)合理有效的任務(wù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:讀前; 讀中; 讀后; 目標(biāo); 任務(wù)
中圖分類號(hào):G623.31 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-3315(2014)08-051-002
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇教學(xué)時(shí),將教學(xué)過(guò)程分為三個(gè)步驟:1.閱讀前;2.閱讀中;3.閱讀后。在這三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)時(shí),教師一定要聚焦各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)教學(xué)的目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)合理任務(wù)。下面筆者就幾個(gè)教學(xué)片段談?wù)勥@三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì):
教學(xué)片段一:在教學(xué)《牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)》5B Unit 8 At the weekends A 板塊的語(yǔ)篇時(shí),筆者在“讀前”環(huán)節(jié)中設(shè)計(jì)了以下的任務(wù):
Task1:Brain Storm.: Please say some sentences according to the following sentences.
(1) I can do many things.
(2) I have many hobbies.
在學(xué)生根據(jù)句子說(shuō)出相關(guān)句子時(shí),教師就學(xué)生所說(shuō)句子適時(shí)與生交流,如 Can you make a model ship for me? When do you play basketball? 等。
此環(huán)節(jié)任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)是激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣和求知欲,主要任務(wù)是“預(yù)測(cè)”,這樣能激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲。而以上片斷中只是交際性任務(wù),沒(méi)有達(dá)到此環(huán)節(jié)任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo),可將任務(wù)稍做修改:
Task1:
Brain Storm.: Please say some sentences according to the following sentences.
(1)I can do many things.
(2)I do many things on Saturdays and Sundays.
在學(xué)生根據(jù)所給句子說(shuō)出相關(guān)句子時(shí),教師適時(shí)與生交流,如
Can you sing well? Where do you play basketball?等。
Task2: Predict
T: Boys and girls, some students are in the classroom, they are talking about something. What are they talking about, please guess.
S: Are they talking about their teachers?
T: Maybe.
S: Are they talking about their classroom?
T: Perhaps.
在修改后的教學(xué)片段中,教師設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)任務(wù),第一個(gè)是根據(jù)兩句話說(shuō)出相關(guān)句子。第二個(gè)是預(yù)測(cè)學(xué)生們所談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容。教師加入預(yù)測(cè)環(huán)節(jié),激發(fā)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)篇的興趣。
教學(xué)片段二:在教學(xué)《牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)》5A Unit 4 Halloween A 板塊的語(yǔ)篇時(shí),有位教師在“讀中”環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)了以下任務(wù):
Task: Read the dialogue carefully and judge the sentences.
1.( )Ben and his family are in the dining-room.
2.( )They would like buying things for a Halloween party.
3.( )Ben likes mask and lantern.
4.( )Ron likes horses masks, tigers masks and monkeys masks.
在以上片斷中,第2-4條判斷都有明顯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,學(xué)生無(wú)需閱讀語(yǔ)篇就能判斷。
“閱讀中活動(dòng)”任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)是:通過(guò)閱讀了解文本的大意,獲取文本的細(xì)節(jié)性信息。而上述片斷中的任務(wù)忽略了對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體理解和細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握。
可將上述任務(wù)做以下修改:
Task: Read the dialogue carefully and judge the sentences.
1.( )Ben and his family would like to buy things for a birthday party.
2.( )It’s Halloween tomorrow.
3.( )They buy some chocolate, some flowers, a vase, a pumpkin lantern and some masks.
4.( )Ben and Ron both like masks.
修改過(guò)的題目中第一題考察語(yǔ)篇的大意,第2,3,4題考察語(yǔ)篇的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題。學(xué)生完成此項(xiàng)任務(wù)后,能抓住語(yǔ)篇的框架,也獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力。
教學(xué)片段四:
在教學(xué)《牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)》5B Unit 8 At the weekends A 板塊的語(yǔ)篇時(shí),筆者在“讀后”環(huán)節(jié)中設(shè)計(jì)了以下的任務(wù):
Task:Please retell the dialogue according to the blackboard design.
Blackboard Design:
Wang Bing surf the Internet go swimming play basketball
Mike go climbing listen to music go t o the cinema
Helen watch TV and do housework
Yang Ling go to the park clean the rooms wash the clothes
Su Hai and Su Yang watch cartoons catch butterflies
在以上教學(xué)片斷中,學(xué)生根據(jù)板書(shū)復(fù)述課文,在這個(gè)階段中,教師更應(yīng)該側(cè)重訓(xùn)練學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)篇信息。筆者將任務(wù)做了修改:
Task1:Please retell the dialogue according to the blackboard design.
Wang Bing surf the Internet go swimming play basketball
Mike go climbing listen to music go to the cinema
Helen watch TV and do housework
Yang Ling go to the park clean the rooms wash the clothes
Su Hai and Su Yang watch cartoons catch butterflies
You can talk about one student’s weekend, or two students’
weekends, or all the students’ weekends, if you talk about one student’s weekend, you can get one star, if you talk about two students’ weekends, you can get two stars, if you talk about all the students weekends, you can get three stars.
Task2:學(xué)校大隊(duì)部想要了解學(xué)生的周末生活,請(qǐng)你采訪你身邊的朋友,看看他們周末是怎么度過(guò)的吧。
在學(xué)生采訪結(jié)束后做一個(gè)報(bào)告,可以使用一下句型:
My friend… likes, but …doesn’t, he/she likes…
在修改過(guò)的片斷中,教師設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)任務(wù),一是根據(jù)板書(shū)復(fù)述課文,學(xué)生可以選擇其中一個(gè)或兩個(gè)或全部人物。二是讓學(xué)生采訪身邊的伙伴們周末是怎么度過(guò)的,再做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的報(bào)告,這樣為學(xué)生提供了學(xué)以致用的機(jī)會(huì)。
“閱讀前活動(dòng)”的目標(biāo)是激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲,“閱讀中活動(dòng)”的目標(biāo)是讓學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀了解文本的大意和獲取細(xì)節(jié)性信息,“閱讀后活動(dòng)”的目標(biāo)是梳理語(yǔ)篇并將所學(xué)知識(shí)學(xué)以致用。在這三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)時(shí)一定要聚焦目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)合理有效的任務(wù)。