劍麻種質資源斑馬紋病抗性鑒定及評價

趙艷龍等

摘 要 通過大田鑒定與室內鑒定相結合的方法，對18份劍麻種質資源的抗病性進行了測定評價。結果表明：H.11648、K1、K3屬于高感種質；普通劍麻、粵西114、東109、東5、東74、東16、南亞2和灰葉劍麻為中感種質；K2在大田鑒定為高感，而在室內鑒定為中感；廣西76416、銀邊假菠蘿麻為中抗種質；馬蓋麻為高抗種質；南亞1號大田鑒定為高抗種質，而室內鑒定為免疫種質；無刺番麻和番麻為免疫種質。

關鍵詞 劍麻；斑馬紋病；抗性鑒定；評價

中圖分類號 S563.8 文獻標識碼 A

Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to

Zebra Disease of Sisal Germplazm

ZHAO Yanlong，ZHOU Wenzhao*，LU Junying，ZHANG Yanmei，

YANG Yumei，HE Yanbiao，CHANG Jinmei LI Guoping

South Subtropical Crops Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

/Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Preservation of Tropical

Horticultural Products，Zhanjiang，Guangdong 524091，China

Abstract The resistance to zebra disease of 18 sisal germplasms were identified and evaluated by inoculation with Phytophthora nicotianae in the greenhouse and field. The results showed that H.11648， K1 and K3 were highly susceptible to P. Nicotianae； Agave sisal， YueXi114， Dong109， Dong5， Dong74， Dong16， Nanya2 and Agave fourcroydes were moderately susceptible to P. Nicotianae； K2 was highly susceptible in the field， while was moderately susceptible in the greenhouse. Guangxi76416 and A. angustifolia var. marginata Frel. had a moderate resistance to P. nicotianae； A. cantala Roxb. had a high resistance， A. americana L. and A. americana var. rmis were immune to P. nicotianae， Nanya1 had a high resistance in the greenhouse， while was immune to P. nicotianae in the field.

Key words Sisal；Zebra disease；Resistance identification；Resistance evaluation

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.04.005

劍麻是中國熱帶地區重要的經濟作物，中國的劍麻單產是世界平均水平的4倍以上，居第1位。劍麻在促進熱區農業結構調整，增加農民收入及促進出口創匯方面發揮著重要作用[1-2]。劍麻斑馬紋病（Agave zebra disease）是由煙草疫霉菌（Phytophthora nicotianae）引起的真菌病害，中國從20世紀60年代從東非引進優良品種H.11648， 70年代初即在廣東東方紅農場發生斑馬紋病并暴發流行，病區面積400多hm2，發病率達7%，經濟損失100多萬元[3]，以后都有不同程度地發生于各個植麻區，嚴重影響劍麻的生產[4-8]，由于病菌的卵孢子或厚垣孢子可以在土壤中長期存活，一般的方法很難根除該病，所以抗病育種是防治劍麻斑馬紋病的重要途徑[9]，而種質的抗病性鑒定是抗病育種的一項重要工作。對于劍麻斑馬紋病的抗性鑒定研究還鮮有報道，本文對斑馬紋病的抗性鑒定方法進行了研究，并對多個劍麻種質的抗病性進行了測定評價，以促進劍麻抗病種質的篩選，為劍麻的抗病育種奠定良好的基礎。……