方靜平 闕友雄 陳如凱
摘 要 闡述了甘蔗起源、進(jìn)化、分子遺傳學(xué)在甘蔗與其近緣屬的進(jìn)化關(guān)系研究上的應(yīng)用,回答了甘蔗的起源中心、甘蔗屬及其近緣屬之間的進(jìn)化關(guān)系,以及當(dāng)前如何利用細(xì)胞學(xué)手段和分子標(biāo)記技術(shù),從微觀分子的角度來(lái)研究和分析其遺傳多樣性、生活史進(jìn)化等生態(tài)和進(jìn)化問(wèn)題,最后對(duì)其發(fā)展前景進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的探討。
關(guān)鍵詞 甘蔗屬;近緣屬;起源;進(jìn)化;遺傳多樣性
中圖分類號(hào) S435.663 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A
A Review of Saccharum Origin and its Evolutionary
Relationship with Related Genera
FANG Jingping, QUE Youxiong, CHEN Rukai *
Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding(Fujian), Ministry of Agriculture,F(xiàn)ujian Agriculture and Forestry
University / Sugarcane Research & Development Center, China Agriculture Research System, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
Abstract The origin and evolution of sugarcane, as well as recent molecular genetics evidence for the phylogenetic relationship among sugarcane and its related taxa, were described. Considerable insight into the origin center of sugarcane, the evolutionary relationship among Saccharum and related genera along with how to utilize cytology and molecular markers for genetic diversity analysis and evolution study were discussed. Finally the prospect of cutting-edge technologies and research directions on sugarcane evolution issues were also discussed.
Key words Saccharum L.; Related genera; Origin; Evolution; Genetic diversity
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.04.034c
甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)是多年生宿根熱帶植物,分類學(xué)上屬單子葉植物綱(Monocotyledoneae),穎花目(Glumiflorae),禾本科(Poaceae)黍亞科(Panicoideae)蜀黍族(Andropogoneae)甘蔗亞族(Saccharinae)甘蔗屬(Saccharum L.)。甘蔗原產(chǎn)于熱帶新幾內(nèi)亞或印度,后傳到馬來(lái)群島、中南半島、中國(guó)南方等東南亞地區(qū),現(xiàn)廣泛種植于熱帶與亞熱帶地區(qū),是喜溫、喜光的C4作物[1-2]。目前世界上甘蔗的水平分布在北緯33°和南緯30°之間,集中分布于南北緯25°之間。垂直分布范圍也較廣,在赤道附近可達(dá)1 500 m,在中國(guó)云南西南蔗區(qū),如臨滄市,海拔高達(dá)1 600 m的地方還有甘蔗分布。甘蔗遺傳背景十分復(fù)雜,當(dāng)前世界主栽品種都為種間雜交復(fù)合體,屬異源非整倍性多倍體,具有豐富的遺傳多樣性、C4高光效特性和植株巨型性[1-2]。甘蔗同時(shí)也是全球重要的糖料與生物能源作物。一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),世界食糖產(chǎn)量從20世紀(jì)初期的300萬(wàn)t躍升為當(dāng)前的1.7億t,而甘蔗產(chǎn)糖量約占世界食糖總產(chǎn)的70%。近幾十年,隨著甘蔗育種水平的提高、栽培技術(shù)的發(fā)展和食糖需求量的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)(2%的增長(zhǎng)速度),甘蔗種植面積逐步擴(kuò)大,產(chǎn)糖量正穩(wěn)步提高[1-2]。……