方靜平 闕友雄 陳如凱
摘 要 闡述了甘蔗起源、進化、分子遺傳學在甘蔗與其近緣屬的進化關系研究上的應用,回答了甘蔗的起源中心、甘蔗屬及其近緣屬之間的進化關系,以及當前如何利用細胞學手段和分子標記技術,從微觀分子的角度來研究和分析其遺傳多樣性、生活史進化等生態和進化問題,最后對其發展前景進行了簡要的探討。
關鍵詞 甘蔗屬;近緣屬;起源;進化;遺傳多樣性
中圖分類號 S435.663 文獻標識碼 A
A Review of Saccharum Origin and its Evolutionary
Relationship with Related Genera
FANG Jingping, QUE Youxiong, CHEN Rukai *
Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding(Fujian), Ministry of Agriculture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry
University / Sugarcane Research & Development Center, China Agriculture Research System, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
Abstract The origin and evolution of sugarcane, as well as recent molecular genetics evidence for the phylogenetic relationship among sugarcane and its related taxa, were described. Considerable insight into the origin center of sugarcane, the evolutionary relationship among Saccharum and related genera along with how to utilize cytology and molecular markers for genetic diversity analysis and evolution study were discussed. Finally the prospect of cutting-edge technologies and research directions on sugarcane evolution issues were also discussed.
Key words Saccharum L.; Related genera; Origin; Evolution; Genetic diversity
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.04.034c
甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)是多年生宿根熱帶植物,分類學上屬單子葉植物綱(Monocotyledoneae),穎花目(Glumiflorae),禾本科(Poaceae)黍亞科(Panicoideae)蜀黍族(Andropogoneae)甘蔗亞族(Saccharinae)甘蔗屬(Saccharum L.)。甘蔗原產于熱帶新幾內亞或印度,后傳到馬來群島、中南半島、中國南方等東南亞地區,現廣泛種植于熱帶與亞熱帶地區,是喜溫、喜光的C4作物[1-2]。目前世界上甘蔗的水平分布在北緯33°和南緯30°之間,集中分布于南北緯25°之間。垂直分布范圍也較廣,在赤道附近可達1 500 m,在中國云南西南蔗區,如臨滄市,海拔高達1 600 m的地方還有甘蔗分布。甘蔗遺傳背景十分復雜,當前世界主栽品種都為種間雜交復合體,屬異源非整倍性多倍體,具有豐富的遺傳多樣性、C4高光效特性和植株巨型性[1-2]。甘蔗同時也是全球重要的糖料與生物能源作物。一個世紀以來,世界食糖產量從20世紀初期的300萬t躍升為當前的1.7億t,而甘蔗產糖量約占世界食糖總產的70%。近幾十年,隨著甘蔗育種水平的提高、栽培技術的發展和食糖需求量的持續增長(2%的增長速度),甘蔗種植面積逐步擴大,產糖量正穩步提高[1-2]?!?br>