王曉陽等
摘 要 為快速、準確地鑒別中粒種與小粒種咖啡,以不同種源的中粒種和小粒種咖啡為試驗材料,對514對SSR引物進行中、小粒種咖啡種間特異性引物篩選,最終篩選到1對特異性引物,該引物在小粒種咖啡樣本中擴增出90 bp和110 bp雙帶產物,而在中粒種咖啡樣本中只擴增出90 bp或100 bp的單帶產物,根據產物條帶的數目即可對中粒種和小粒種咖啡進行鑒別。經隨機抽取中、小粒種咖啡樣本進行種類鑒別準確性驗證,驗證結果與實際結果一致。
關鍵詞 中粒種咖啡;小粒種咖啡;SSR;鑒別
中圖分類號 S571.2 文獻標識碼 A
Distinguishing Analysis Between Coffea canephora and
C. arabica Species by SSR Markers
WANG Xiaoyang1, DONG Yunping1 *, HUANG Lifang1, YAN Lin1
ZHOU Hua2, CHEN Jinhuan3, SUN Yan1, LIN Xingjun1
1 Spice and Beverage Research Institute, CATAS / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,
Ministry of Agriculture / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice
and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
2 Dehong Tropical Agriculture Institute of Yunnan, Ruili, Yunnan 678600, China
3 Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan,
Yunnan 678025, China
Abstract This study was conducted to provide an efficient method to distinguish between C. canephora and C. arabica. One pair of coffee species-specific SSR primers were selected from 514 pairs of SSR primers. The results of PCR amplifying analysis demonstrated that two fragments of 90 and 110 bp from C. arabica and one fragment of 90 or 100 bp from C. canephora were respectively amplified by the primers, meaning C. arabica and C. Canephora coffee could be identified according to the number of amplified fragments. The result of the method was proved to be reliable through our verification test.
Key words Coffea canephora; Coffea arabica; SSR; Distinguishing
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.04.002
咖啡為世界三大飲料之首,是國際貿易中非常重要的原料產品[1-2]。咖啡為茜草科(Rubiaceae)咖啡屬(Coffea)植物,該屬植物共100多種,而生產性栽培的主要為小粒種和中粒種,小粒種約占栽培面積的70%,中粒種約占30%[3-5]。小粒種咖啡因其品質優于中粒種咖啡,其國際市場交易價格也經常是中粒種咖啡的2~3倍,因此,在咖啡貿易過程中常常出現將中粒種咖啡冒充小粒種咖啡進行銷售的不法行為,損害消費者的利益[6];另外,兩種咖啡適合種植的生長環境也有差異,小粒種適合種植于高海拔溫熱地帶,而中粒種適合種植于低海拔的高溫濕熱地區,如果兩種咖啡的種子或苗木發生混淆,則會造成咖啡減產并影響咖啡品質,給咖啡種植者帶來很大影響[7-8]。因此,生產和市場貿易上急需一種快速、方便、可靠的鑒別中、小粒種咖啡的檢測方法。
傳統方法鑒別中、小粒種咖啡主要通過將咖啡培炒后進行杯品品嘗,這種方法容易受主觀人為因素及培炒條件等影響,鑒別結果不準確,且需要專業杯品師參與,可操作性差。……