240例住院貧血患者的病因及臨床特點(diǎn)分析

樸英姬 馮翠翠 馬麗艷 等

首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)電力教學(xué)醫(yī)院血液科，北京 100073

[摘要] 目的 分析住院貧血患者的病因及臨床特點(diǎn)，探討有效的防治方案。 方法 回顧性分析240例首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)電力教學(xué)醫(yī)院住院貧血患者的臨床資料。 結(jié)果 缺鐵性貧血的首要病因?yàn)槁允аㄕ?6.19%），巨幼細(xì)胞貧血及營養(yǎng)性混合性貧血的首要病因?yàn)閿z入不足（占84.38%及95.59%），再生障礙性貧血的首要病因?yàn)橛卸净瘜W(xué)物暴露史（占60.00%），自身免疫性溶血性貧血（占66.67%）為最常見溶血性貧血；缺鐵性貧血、巨幼細(xì)胞貧血、營養(yǎng)性混合性貧血組經(jīng)治療，血紅蛋白恢復(fù)正常所需平均時(shí)間比較，差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P > 0.05），痊愈率依次為83.81%、90.00%、86.15%，溶血性貧血組痊愈率83.33%，4組間比較，差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P > 0.05）；再生障礙性貧血組痊愈率40.0%，與前4組比較，差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P < 0.01）；缺鐵性貧血、再生障礙性貧血、慢性病貧血組死亡率依次為11.43%、26.67%、33.33%，各組間比較，差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P > 0.05）。 結(jié)論 貧血的病因及預(yù)后相關(guān)因素復(fù)雜多樣，盡早明確病因診斷，去除誘因、治療相關(guān)疾病，規(guī)范及個(gè)體化治療，有益于提高療效、改善預(yù)后；加強(qiáng)營養(yǎng)知識(shí)教育、糾正不良飲食及烹飪習(xí)慣，有益于減少相關(guān)貧血的發(fā)生；加強(qiáng)健康宣教、職業(yè)防護(hù)，有益于減少職業(yè)相關(guān)貧血的發(fā)生。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 貧血；病因；預(yù)后；健康管理

[中圖分類號(hào)] R556 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210（2014）03（b）-0051-05

Analysis of pathogeny and clinical characteristics of 240 inpatients with anemia

PIAO Yingji FENG Cuicui MA Liyan LI Yuping

Department of Hematology， Beijing Electrical Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University， Beijing 100073， China

[Abstract] Objective To analysis pathogeny and clinical characteristics of anemia， investigate effective treatment. Methods The clinical data of 240 inpatients with anemia were retrospectively analyzed. Results The main cause of iron-deficiency anemia was chronic loss of blood （56.19%）， those of megaloblastic anemia and nutritional anemia were inadequate intake （84.38% and 95.59%）， that aplastic anemia was exposing to poisonous chemicals （60.00%）， hemolytic anemia was the most common autoimmune diseases （66.67%）. The average time hemoglobin required to return to normal of iron-deficiency anemia， megaloblastic anemia and nutritional anemiahave were compared， the differences were not statistically significant （P > 0.05）. The cure rates of patients with iron-deficiency anemia， megaloblastic anemia and nutritional anaemia were 83.81%， 90.00% and 86.15%， that of patients with hemolytic anemia was 83.33%， and they were compared， the differences were not statistically significant （P > 0.05）； while the cure rate of patients with aplastic anemia was 40.0%， it was compared with those of of patients with iron-deficiency anemia， megaloblastic anemia and nutritional anaemia， the differences were statistically significant （P < 0.01）. The mortality rates of iron-deficiency anemia， aplastic anemia and anemia of chronic disease were 11.43%， 26.67% and 33.33%， they were compared， the differences were not statistically significant （P > 0.05）. Conclusion The pathogeny and prognostic factors of anemia are complicated， we should clear the diagnosis as early as possible， and it is important to remove the inducing factors and design personal therapy methods in order to increase the curative effect and improve the prognosis；we should strengthen nutritional knowledge education and rectify ill dietary customs and the cooking habits， so as to stop anemia. Effective public health education should be conducted to let people avoid from poisonous chemicals in order to reduce anemia.

[Key words] Anemia； Pathogeny； Prognosis； Health education

貧血是指外周血紅細(xì)胞容量減少，低于正常范圍下限的一種常見的臨床癥狀，在世界各地區(qū)屬常見病，在發(fā)展中國家問題更為突出[1]。……