馬焱+李龍
摘要:本文使用第三期中國婦女社會地位調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和Logistic回歸模型,探討了城鎮(zhèn)已婚中青年女性照料老年父母對其就業(yè)狀況的影響,并借助傾向值加權(quán)的方法對回歸模型進(jìn)行了穩(wěn)健性檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,在城鎮(zhèn)已婚中青年女性群體中,老年照料提供者更難以進(jìn)入勞動力市場,與非照料者相比,照料者的就業(yè)概率會降低29.6%。而男性是否從事有收入工作則不會受到是否照料老年父母的顯著影響。本文認(rèn)為,老年照料既是家庭成員的義務(wù),也是政府和社會的責(zé)任;女性參與社會勞動既是個人的權(quán)利,也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會文明進(jìn)步的要求。統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)兩者關(guān)系,既應(yīng)把女性視為“責(zé)任主體”,也應(yīng)將她們視為“權(quán)利主體”。
關(guān)鍵詞:人口老齡化;老年照料;中青年女性就業(yè)
中圖分類號:F241.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1000-4149(2014)02-0039-09
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2014.02.005
收稿日期:2013-10-26;修訂日期:2014-01-10
基金項(xiàng)目:2011年度國家社會科學(xué)基金青年項(xiàng)目“老年家庭照料對城市中青年女性職業(yè)發(fā)展的影響”(11CRK009);國家社會科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目“新時期中國婦女社會地位調(diào)查研究”(10@ZH020)。
作者簡介:馬焱,法學(xué)博士,全國婦聯(lián)婦女研究所副研究員;李龍,中國人民大學(xué)社會與人口學(xué)院碩士研究生。
The Impact of the Caregiving for Elderly Parents on the Employment
of Young and Middleaged Urban Married Women
MA Yan1, LI Long2
(1.Womens Studies Institute of China, ACWF,Beijing 100730,China;
2.School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872,China)[HQK]
Abstract:Relying on the data of the Third Wave Survey on the Social Status of Women in China (2010), this paper studies the impact of the caregiving for elderly parents on the employment of young and middleaged urban married women using Logistic Regression Models. We use propensity score weighting for robustness tests. The results show that the probability of the young and middleaged urban married women who bear the eldercare labors engaged in paid employment is lower, and the probability will be reduced by 29.6%, while whether men are engaged in paid employment isnt influenced significantly. Caregiving for the elderly is not only the obligation of the family, but also the responsibility of the government and the society. Womens labormarket participation is not only the individual rights,but also the necessity of promoting economic development and social progress.On the basis, the policy implications are discussed in the paper.
Keywords:aging; caregiving for the elderly; employment of young and middleaged women
[HQ]
一、引言
我國即將迎來人口老齡化高速度、大范圍到來的時期。老年人口數(shù)量的迅猛增加,導(dǎo)致老年生活照料需求日益凸顯。在深受儒家思想影響、傳統(tǒng)孝道文化淵遠(yuǎn)流長、“男主外女主內(nèi)”傳統(tǒng)性別文化觀念根深蒂固的中國社會,成年子女尤其是成年女性后代往往成為老年照料的主要承擔(dān)者。……