Sports Fair Play and Critical Perspective

許曉峰

（河北聯合大學 體育部，河北 唐山063009）

According to the time sequence of fairness, namely, the formation sequence of the fair state on the time dimension, the fairness is classified into fair starting, fair process and fair result. The fair process is also called fair opportunity, fair procedure or fair form. The fair starting and fair process generated the fair result. The historic problems remained after the World War II caused the unfairness in the social development fields, including resource, science and technology, politics, economy and Sports Education, etc. Moreover, the cultivation of agents in the colony and implementation of post-colonialism route plan widened the gap between the development of developed and developing countries during the cold war. Even today, the poverty gap between different regions (or countries) formed in the history has not been effectively improved. What’s worse, it caused the continuous widening of the internal poverty gap of many developing countries (the most typical one is China).

Due to the backward economy, science and technology, and Sports Education or instable political situation in developing countries like Africa, Latin America and Asia, the development Elite Sport and Sport for all cannot be guaranteed. Without the support of sufficient funds, the sustentation of high-tech application, the guarantee of sport system, they have to win the victory by the talent of human species, such as the tradition of long-distance running advantage in Africa. The event that collective boycott of Africa in Montreal Olympic Games reflected the long-term indifference to the fair starting by the international sport circle and showed that the African countries strived for the right of fair treatment and equal opportunity. It is also an irony that Smith and Carlos raised their fists in black gloves in Mexico Olympic Games of 1968.Perhaps they just wanted to find an outlet: “Look, although we cannot enjoy the substantial benefit of economy, science and technology, and Sports Education, we can win the championship.

“The End of History and the Last Man” written by Francis Fukuyama implies the disintegration of the Soviet Union. As the generation of war has passed and the history of unfair, defense between national right and dignity has been terminated, the new generation will forget the history and the unfair source and national foundation formed after the war. Marked by Bosman ruling, the new generation will positively throw itself into the value frame preset by European and American countries and obey the European and American sport value standard (namely, the international standard) to make the unfair starting natural and make people yearn for Europe and United States of America and hate themselves for their uselessness.

In the very beginning of the establishment of CIFP, it is marked with the identity of European and American entity, and relatively equal environment of economic and social development existed between different countries, and the thinking mode of “break up the whole into parts” was generally adopted, therefore, the problem of fair starting was not fierce. However, facing the unbalance condition of international regional development in new century, if the intrinsic value standard continues to be adopted and the European sport value was advised, CIFP must be repelled by the world and forgotten by the history.

CIFP didn’t put the problem of fair starting on its agenda or obey the internal “Justice” rule of fair play. The scope of fair play value recognized by CIFP include respect, friendship, equality, unity, tolerance,etc, among which Equality is closer to the concept of fair starting, but the essential difference between them is larger than the similarity. The fair rule stresses the equality of play, while the justice rule stresses the Reciprocity of play. The two rules penetrate into each other and become a inseparable value unity which has the relationship between internality and externality, inner core and surface layer, and entirety and fragment.Influenced by the ideology of “The End of History” of Europe and America after the war, the post-colonial potential of the sport was fully mobilized. Moreover, the interest subjects exploited the advantage of language and cross-cultural understanding and they only cared about the superficial meaning of fair play, namely, the opportunity equality and rule spirit of the play procedure, but disregarded the internal essence of fair play, namely, the equivalence between different subjects. The omission of fair starting makes the fair process a byword for fair result.

The “Equality” required by fair play deprives the “Reciprocity”.The true meaning of fair play stresses the reciprocity between different subjects of the play. As the implementation of equality in fair play cannot be an illusory thought and rule, therefore, the guarantee that the athletes possess reciprocal instead of unfair right to participate in the play becomes very important. However, the international order and situation of competitive sport has formed great inertia, thus the power, concept and evaluation orientation cannot be distorted.

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