翁雪芬,方裕森,黃旭純,黃彬亮,莊珊珊,洪超群
催乳素水平與女性絕經前后乳腺癌的相關性研究
翁雪芬,方裕森,黃旭純,黃彬亮,莊珊珊,洪超群
目的研究血清催乳素(prolactin,PRL)水平與女性絕經前后發(fā)生乳腺癌的關系。方法選取在我院手術治療的乳腺癌96例及乳腺良性增生144例,將其分為絕經前乳腺癌組(RⅠ組,48例)、絕經后乳腺癌組(RⅡ組,48例)、絕經前乳腺良性增生組(ZⅠ組,88例)與絕經后乳腺良性增生組(ZⅡ組,56例)。采用電化學發(fā)光法檢測患者外周靜脈血血清的催乳素水平。結果RⅠ組催乳素水平明顯增高,與RⅡ組及ZⅠ組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.001)。RⅠ組催乳素陽性率均高于RⅡ組、ZⅠ組,且差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.001);RⅡ組與ZⅡ組間陽性率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.776)。PRL檢測在女性絕經前乳腺癌和絕經后乳腺癌對比中,敏感性(P<0.001)及準確性(P=0.003)均高。結論催乳素在女性絕經前乳腺癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展中有一定意義,檢測催乳素有助于乳腺癌的早期診斷與預防。
乳腺癌;催乳素;血清標志物;絕經前期;絕經后期
乳腺癌已嚴重威脅女性的生命健康。在我國乳腺癌的發(fā)病呈現出年輕化的趨勢,發(fā)病率增加,病死率也相應增加[1]。因此,乳腺癌的早期診斷對乳腺癌的治療和預后十分重要。目前,乳腺癌的輔助早期診斷手段有乳腺彩色多普勒檢查、乳腺鉬靶片及磁共振成像等結論及優(yōu)勢均較肯定,而血清腫瘤標志物的不同表達水平與乳腺癌的相關性尚不明確。催乳素(prolactin,PRL)是一種促進乳腺生長發(fā)育和乳汁分泌的內分泌循環(huán)激素,具有重要的免疫調節(jié)作用;同時,還可由多種垂體外組織產生,通過自分泌或旁分泌作用行使細胞因子調節(jié)細胞生長與增殖功能[2-4]。PRL作為乳腺癌診斷血清標志物的研究甚少。本文旨在對女性絕經前后血清PRL水平與乳腺癌的相關性做粗淺分析。
1.1 臨床資料 選擇我院2011年10月—2013年6月行乳腺癌手術治療的患者96例,均為女性,年齡28~66(49.8±9.1)歲,均經細胞學或組織病理學證實,分為絕經前乳腺癌組(RⅠ組,48例)和絕經后乳腺癌組(RⅡ組,48例)。另有乳腺良性增生(乳腺增生是指乳腺上皮和纖維組織增生,即乳腺囊性增生病或乳腺結構不良癥)均經細胞學或組織病理學證實144例,均為女性,年齡20~60(43.3±13.1)歲,分為絕經前乳腺良性增生組(ZⅠ組,88例)和絕經后乳腺良性增生組(ZⅡ組,56例)。所有研究對象均排除可致高催乳素血癥疾病如垂體或下丘腦性病變、能產生異位PRL的非內分泌腫瘤如腎癌、多囊卵巢綜合征、甲狀腺功能減退與胸壁損傷等,且排除腺垂體功能減退癥及單一性PRL分泌缺乏癥等可致低催乳素血癥的疾患。所有患者來我院治療前均未做過任何相關乳腺疾病的治療,近期內未服用過激素類藥物,絕經前患者月經正常。RⅠ組與ZⅠ組、RⅡ組與ZⅡ組間年齡差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,具有可比性。
1.2 方法 所有患者均于早晨空腹抽取外周靜脈血,避免溶血,不抗凝,3 000 r/min離心10 min后分離血清。應用電化學發(fā)光法檢測患者血清PRL水平。檢測儀器為瑞士羅氏公司2010全自動電化學發(fā)光分析儀及其配套試劑和質控。PRL≥637 U/mL為陽性。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學處理 采用SPSS 13.0軟件,計量資料以均數±標準差(±s)表示,組間比較采用秩和檢驗;計數資料以率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。敏感性=[真陽性/(真陽性+假陰性)]×100%;特異性=[真陰性/(真陰性+假陽性)]×100%;準確性=[(真陽性+真陰性)/總例數]×100%。
2.1 絕經前后乳腺癌和乳腺良性增生的PRL水平RⅠ組PRL水平明顯高于RⅡ、ZⅠ組(P<0.001);RⅡ組PRL水平高于ZⅡ組(P<0.01,表1)。

表1 4組PRL水平
2.2 絕經前后乳腺癌和乳腺良性增生的PRL陽性率 4組間PRL陽性率比較見表2。RⅠ組PRL陽性率明顯高于RⅡ、ZⅠ組(P均<0.001);而RⅡ、ZⅠ組PRL陽性率分別與ZⅡ組比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P分別為0.776、0.904)。

表2 4組PRL陽性率情況
2.3 PRL與絕經前后乳腺癌的關系 PRL檢測在絕經前乳腺癌敏感性(P<0.001)及準確性(P=0.003)均大于絕經后乳腺癌,但在特異性(P=0.904)上兩者差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。見表3。

表3 PRL在RⅠ組及RⅡ組之間敏感性、特異性與準確性[n(%)]
目前雖已發(fā)現多種腫瘤標志物與乳腺癌相關,但對早期患者篩查容易漏檢。因此,尋找更特異、更敏感的標志物對乳腺癌的早期診斷具有重要意義。
實驗和流行病學研究表明,PRL對乳腺癌的發(fā)生起著較為重要的作用[5-8]。其機制可能與PRL誘導催乳素受體(prolactin receptor,PRLR)[9-10]和雌激素受體α(estrogen receptor alpha,ERa)活性相關[11-12]。Wu等[13]研究發(fā)現PRL在乳腺癌組織中高表達,并且高PRL與預后差相關。絕經前女性檢查PRL水平越高,患乳腺癌的危險度越高[13],PRL水平的改變對絕經前女性乳腺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有一定的臨床指導意義。
統(tǒng)計發(fā)現在絕經后乳腺良性疾病中PRL水平低,PRL水平低與女性生理作用有關[14]。但絕經后乳腺癌PRL水平仍然高于絕經后乳腺良性增生組。隨著女性生理周期的改變,PRL檢測的敏感性下降,此時PRL水平檢測乳腺疾病判斷作用下降,與國外文獻的研究結果相符[15]。因此,女性絕經前可疑乳腺癌患者應重視PRL檢測。女性絕經前乳腺良性病變并伴有血清中PRL陽性或PRL水平增高的患者,應定期檢查PRL,動態(tài)觀察PRL水平預防乳腺癌。
PRL水平在女性絕經前乳腺癌患者中水平較高,但是單獨檢測的敏感性(45.8%)和國外文獻報道一致[16]。聯(lián)合檢測血清中其他性激素(如黃體生成激素、雌二醇、卵泡生成激素等)水平,以提高其在乳腺癌診斷中的敏感性、特異性及準確性,從而達到提高乳腺癌的早期診斷率。
本研究結果為PRL作為血清腫瘤標志物的研究提供了方向。PRL在乳腺癌演變過程中起的作用、表達的變化以及能否成為乳腺癌早期診斷的血清腫瘤標志物有待進一步研究。
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WENG Xuefen1,FANG Yusen1,HUANG Xuchun1,HUANG Binliang1,ZHUANG Shanshan1,HONG Chaoqun2
(1.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou Guangdong 515041,China;2.Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment,Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou Guangdong 515041,China)
ObjectiveTo study the relationship between serum prolactin(PRL)levels and women breast cancer diagnosis.MethodA total of 240 patients(breast cancer and breast benign hyperplasia)were recruited and divided into premenopausal breast cancer group(RⅠ,48 patients),postmenopausal breast cancer group(RⅡ,48 patients),premenopausal breast benign hyperplasia group(ZⅠ,88 patients)and postmenopausal breast benign hyperplasia group(ZⅡ,56 patients).The electrochemical luminescencemethod was used to detect prolactin levels in peripheral venous blood serum.ResultsPRL level in group RⅠincreased obviously,and it was significantly higher than that of group RⅡand group ZⅠ(P<0.001).The positive rate of PRL in group RⅠwas significantly higher than that of RⅡand ZⅠ(P<0.001),but there was no significant difference between RⅡand ZⅡ(P=0.776).The sensitivity(P<0.001)and accuracy(P=0.003)of PRL detection in premenopausal patientswith breast cancerwere higher than those in postmenopausal patients.ConclusionThese results indicated that PRL contributed to the development of premenopausal breast cancer.Detection of serum PRL is helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of breast cancer in premenopausalwomen.
Breast cancer;Prolactin(PRL);Serum marker;Pre-menopausal;Post-menopausal
R737.9;Q575+.13
B
2095-3097(2014)03-0140-03
10.3969/j.issn.2095-3097.2014.03.004
Study on the relationship between prolactin level and risk of breast cancer among pre-and postmenopausal women
2014-03-27 本文編輯:盧婷婷)
廣東省醫(yī)學科研基金項目(B2012261);汕頭市醫(yī)療重點科技計劃項目(汕府科[2012]113號)
515041廣東汕頭,汕頭大學醫(yī)學院附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院檢驗科(翁雪芬,方裕森,黃旭純,黃彬亮,莊珊珊),廣東省乳腺癌診治研究重點實驗室(洪超群)
洪超群,E-mail:chaoqunhong@gmail.com