APPITA V67No2－April/June 2014 APPITA 2014年第2期中英文摘要

A method for evaluating the interaction of mineral adsorbents with wood extractive using flow cytometry

DESMOND E RICHARDSON MEEGAN J GRUBB

SUMMARY:The use of mineral adsorbents to passivate and control paper machine deposits arising from wood extractives and recycled fibre stickies is widely pursued in the paper industry．A range of techniques have been utilised to evaluate and choose minerals such as bentonite and talc to control these deposits．Flow cytometry has been used by us to study the interaction between wood extractive colloids present in mechanical pulp process waters and various fillers．Mineral adsorbents such as bentonite may be observed in flow cytometry density plots as small particles with low hydrophobicity．As extractive-laden process white water was progressively added to the mineral adsorbent，a population of particles separate from both the adsorbent and the hydrophobic extractive colloids appeared in the density plots．The characteristics of this new population(number and position)were used as a means to measure the adsorbents'ability to interact with extractive colloids．There is evidence that some adsorbents appear to act by adsorbing colloids smaller than those normally observed by flow cytometry，as well as those larger colloids normally visible to the flow cytometer．Not only was extractive colloid particle count modified by addition of the mineral adsorbent，but hydrophobicity was also decreased，thus leading to the inference that adsorbent addition modifies the tackiness and hence the deposition tendency of the colloids．Data is also presented that suggest a correlation between changes in extractive concentration and hydrophobicity．Less hydrophobicity was measured in process waters that had depressed glyceride levels and elevated fatty acid levels．

使用流式細胞儀評估礦物吸附劑與木材抽提物間的相互作用

DESMOND E RICHARDSON MEEGAN J GRUBB

摘 要:造紙行業一直廣泛使用礦物吸附劑控制及清除木材抽提物及回收纖維黏結物在造紙機上所產生的沉積物。曾應用多種技術來評估膨潤土和滑石粉等礦物質對這些沉積物的控制。本研究采用流式細胞儀研究存在于機械法制漿過程循環水中的木材抽提物膠體與各種礦物填料間的相互作用。在流式細胞儀的密度圖中可觀察到礦物吸附劑如膨潤土是疏水性低的小顆粒。為了達到抽提物滿載過程，紙漿過濾水逐步地添加到礦物吸附劑中，在密度圖上分別顯示礦物吸附劑和疏水的抽提物膠體的顆粒統計數據。這組新統計數據 (數量和位置)的特征可用于測量吸附劑作用于抽提物膠體的能力。有證據顯示有些吸附劑不僅可吸附小于可在流式細胞儀觀察到的膠體，也可作用于在流式細胞儀觀察到的大的膠體。礦物吸附劑的添加不僅改變了抽提物膠體顆粒的量，而且降低了其疏水性，因此可推論吸附劑的添加改變了膠體的黏著性從而降低其沉積趨勢。研究數據表明抽提物濃度和疏水性相關。甘油酯和高脂肪酸含量低的生產過程循環水的疏水性較低。

Towards online measurement of roughness using laser speckle contrast

J PLADELLORENSO CUSOLA J CAUM S ROYO A TOSASA PINO

SUMMARY:Roughness of a paper surface is particularly important in paper and board destined to be printed．Surfaces are often coated and the amount of coating and method of application used depends on the roughness of the base paper．We present a method to measure the roughness of paper based on the analysis of speckle contrast pattern on the surface．Images are captured by means of a simple configuration using a laser and a camera CCD．Then，we apply digital image processing，so this method can be considered as a non-contact surface profiling method that can be used online．

采用激光斑點對比法進行粗糙度在線測量

J PLADELLORENSO CUSOLA J CAUM S ROYO A TOSASA PINO

摘 要:表面粗糙度對印刷紙和紙板非常重要。有些紙及紙板表面需要涂布，而涂層的厚薄和施加方式往往取決于原紙粗糙度。本文介紹了一種基于表面斑點對比圖案分析法測量紙張粗糙度的方法，即通過使用激光和攝像機CCD的簡單裝置來獲取圖像，然后使用數碼圖像進行處理。這是一個可在線使用的非接觸性的表面輪廓分析方法。

Deinking flexographically printed papers:The effect of deinking chemicals on water clarification with cupric chloride

ERIC O FERNANDEZ KEVIN T HODGSON

SUMMARY:It has been shown that cupric chloride(CuCl2)is very effective in aggregating flexographic(flexo)ink particles emanating from deinking processes for old newsprint．This is theorised to occur due to the copper(II)ion reducing both the electrostatic and steric components of dispersed flexo ink particles，which otherwise display robust stability in alkaline deinking systems．As a result，there is the potential to produce a highly clarified and low turbidity filtrate phase from wastepaper deinking processes．In the present work，a factorially-designed set of experiments were carried out to determine the effect of common washing deinking chemical additives on the capacity of cupric chloride to flocculate flexographic inks．Overall，it was found that calcium chloride and calcium oleate soaps have a positive effecton the clarification of wastewater when used with CuCl2after washing deinking of flexographic newsprint．Silicate and oleate ions(i．e．sodium oleate)showed a detrimental effect．It is likely that the same effects will occur with flocculants that have a similar mechanism as cupric chloride and that could more likely be used in commercial deinking plants．

脫墨柔版印刷紙:脫墨化學品對經氯化銅處理水澄清度的影響

ERIC O FERNANDEZ KEVIN T HODGSON

摘 要:已有研究表明，氯化銅 (CuCl2)能有效聚合舊報紙脫墨過程產生的廢水中的柔版印刷 (flexo)油墨粒子。從理論層面來講這是由于二價銅離子能有效減少分散的柔版印刷油墨顆粒間的靜電和空間阻力，否則這些粒子在堿性脫墨系統下有極強穩定性。因此，使用氯化銅完全有潛力對廢紙脫墨過程產生的廢水進行處理并獲得高澄清度、低濁度的濾液。本研究通過進行一組工業化設計的試驗，測定了常用的洗滌脫墨化學添加劑對氯化銅絮凝柔版印刷油墨粒子能力的影響?？偟膩碚f，氯化鈣和油酸鈣皂對使用了氯化銅的廢水澄清有積極的影響，而硅酸鹽和油酸鹽離子 (如油酸鈉)則表現出不利影響。這一發現同樣適用于與氯化銅有相同機理并且在商業脫墨流程中應用更普遍的絮凝劑。

Brewers'grain as an alternative organic filler to wood powder

JI-YOUNG LEE CHUL-HWAN KIM GI-BAEK LIM SUN-YOUNG KIM JONG-HEA PARK

SUMMARY:The Korean paperboard industry uses wood powder as an organic filler to improve paperboard thickness and to reduce drying energy consumption．However，given the mixed wood base of this material，industry has great interest in exploring new biomass alternatives to maintain stable supply and price of organic fillers．In this study a new non-wood organic filler from ground brewers'spent grain(BG)was evaluated．The study identified the effects of BG filler on paperboard properties and imputed drying energy consumption by measuring the physical strength of handsheets and the after-pressing moisture content of wet webs containing BG filler．The BG filler increased the bulk and reduced the imputed drying energy requirement more effectively than commercial wood powder．BG filler fractions containing larger particles increased the bulk of the paperboard and decreased imputed drying energy requirement more than those fractions containing smaller particles，but this was at the cost of a decrease in paperboard strength．For commercial use it will be important to control the particle size of BG filler to obtain the desired bulk，strength，and drying energy consumption of paperboard．

釀酒酒糟替代木粉作為有機填料

JI-YOUNG LEE CHUL-HWAN KIM GI-BAEK LIM SUN-YOUNG KIM JONG-HEA PARK

摘 要:韓國紙板行業使用木粉作為有機填料以提高紙板厚度和降低干燥能耗。然而，由于這種材料來源于混合木材，韓國造紙行業對探索使用新的生物質來取代木粉作為有機填料有極大興趣，有助于保證供應和價格的穩定性。本研究對研磨釀酒酒糟 (BG)作為新的非木材有機填料的可行性進行了評估。實驗通過檢測含有酒糟有機填料的實驗室手抄片的物理強度及壓榨后的濕紙幅的水分含量來評定酒糟填料對紙板性能和干燥能耗的影響。結果表明，酒糟填料比商業木粉填料能更有效地增加紙張厚度并降低干燥能耗。含有更多較大顆粒的酒糟有機填料比包含更多小顆粒的填料更能有效地增加紙板的厚度并降低估算的干燥能量需求，但這會導致紙板強度降低。在商業用途中，控制好酒糟填料的粒度對生產出所需的紙板松厚度、強度和干燥能耗至關重要。

A comparison between bagasse and alternative water efficient crops using KOH/AQ pulping

THOMAS J RAINEY WILLIAM O S DOHERTY SCOT A SHARMAN

SUMMARY:Numerous crops grow in sugar regions that have the potential to increase the amount of biomass available to a small bagasse-based pulp factory．Arundo donax and Sorghum offer unique advantages to farmers compared to other agricultural crops．In this study pulps produced from these crops were benchmarked against sugarcane bagasse pulp．Arundo，sorghum and bagasse were pulped using KOH and anthraquinone to 20 Kappa number so as to produce a bleachable pulp which is suitable for making photocopier paper and tissue products．The unbleached sorghum pulp has better tensile strength properties than the unbleached Arundo pulp(43．8 N·m/g compared to 21．4 N·m/g)and the bleached sorghum pulp tensile strength was similar to bagasse(28．4 N·m/g)．At 20 Kappa number，sorghum pulp had acceptable yield for a non-wood fibre(45%c．f．55%for bagasse)，A．donax pulp had low tensile strength，and relatively low yield(38．7%)，even for an agricultural fibre and required severe cooking conditions to achieve similar delignification to sugarcane bagasse or sorghum．Sorghum and A．donax produced thicker handsheets than bagasse(＞160 μm c．f．122 μm for bagasse)．In preliminary experiments sorghum and bagasse responded slightly better to Totally Chlorine Free peroxide bleaching(QPP)，although none achieved a satisfactory brightness level and further improvement would be required to produce a fully bleached pulp．

用KOH-AQ蒸煮蔗渣、蘆竹和高梁稈的比較

THOMAS J RAINEY WILLIAM O S DOHERTY SCOT A SHARMAN

摘 要:許多在產糖區內生長的作物具有作為小型蔗渣漿廠原材料的潛力。蘆竹 (Arundo donax)和高粱 (Sorghum)相對于其他農作物為農民提供了獨特的優勢。在這項研究中，對使用這些作物作為原材料生產的紙漿與蔗渣漿進行了比較。蘆竹、高梁稈和蔗渣使用KOH和AQ蒸煮至卡伯值20，以得到適合于制造復印紙和衛生紙的可漂漿。未漂高粱稈漿比未漂蘆竹漿有更好的抗張強度性能 (43.8 N·m/g對比21.4 N·m/g);漂白后的高粱稈漿抗張強度 (28.4 N·m/g)與蔗渣漿相當。在卡伯值20，高粱稈漿的得率對于非木纖維而言完全可以接受 (45%，蔗渣為55%)。蘆竹漿的抗張強度低，并且得率比農作物纖維還低 (38.7%)。蘆竹需要更強的蒸煮條件才能達到與甘蔗或高粱稈相近的脫木素水平。高粱稈漿和蘆竹漿手抄片的厚度比蔗渣漿的高 (＞160 μm，蔗渣漿為122 μm)。在初步漂白實驗中，高粱稈漿和蔗渣漿對全無氯過氧化氫漂白 (QPP)的適用性稍好，雖然它們都沒有達到令人滿意的白度水平，要生產完全漂白漿還需要進一步探索。