從高考題看定語從句的考查重點

摘 要：定語從句在英語教學中具有十分重要的作用，本文就定語從句中常見的幾種考點進行分析和歸納，通過歷年來高考實例來剖析定語從句的做題技巧。從而使定語從句這個語法點更好地服務于英語教學實踐活動。

關鍵詞：定語從句 關系詞 分類 教學實踐

中圖分類號：G62 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1673-9795（2013）06（c）-0104-02

縱觀歷屆高考試題，定語從句仍是近五年高考的熱點。2012年高考共考了14小題，主要考查非限制性定語從句（特別是先行詞是整個句子時）。此外，“分割性定語從句”也是近年來的熱點之一。本文將綜合高考試題對定語從句考查的熱點進行歸納整理，希望對同學們有所幫助。

1 幾個常見關系詞在高考中的考查

1.1 引導定語從句并在從句中作定語的關系代詞只用whose，先行詞即可以是人，也可以是物

例1：The prize will go to the writer______ story shows the most imagination.（2011全國卷1）

A.that B.Which C.whose D.what

簡析：根據句意應是the writer’s story shows the most imagination.故選C。

例2：Many children，______ parents are away working in big cities，are taken care of in the village.（2009安徽）

A.their B.whose C.of them D. with whom

簡析：該句意是Many children’s parents are away working in big cities.故選B。

1.2 which引導的定語從句所指的內容不同

有時指代前面的先行詞，有時指代前面的整個句子。

例3：As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_______ is named after his grandfather.（2010全國1卷）

A.which B.where C.what D.that

簡析：which代指the village school

例4：They’ve won their last three matches，______ I find a bit surprising actually.（2009遼寧）

A.that B.when C.what D.which

簡析：which代指前面整句話They’ve won their last three matches的內容。

1.3 when和where引導的定語從句

例5：What do you think of teaching，Bob？

I find it fun and challenging. It is a job______ you are doing something serious but interesting.（2009北京）

A.where B.which C.when D.that

簡析：根據句意應是you are doing something serious but interesting in the job.先行詞是job，從句中缺地點狀語。故選A。

例6：She will never forget her stay there______ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.（2009四川）

A.that B.which C.where D.when

簡析：該題先行詞為stay，代入定語從句后為：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there。因此stay在此看成表時間的名詞，故選答案D。

例7：Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

A.which B.that C.when D.where

簡析：先行詞為position，從句中缺地點狀語，故選答案D。

2 定語從句的“分隔 ”現象

因從句過長，為使句子平衡起見，而將從句和所修飾的先行詞分開；有時使用“插入語”增加語言的靈活性，同時也增加做題的難度。

例7：（2011天津卷）10.The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A.when B.that C.where D.which

簡析：先行詞為The days因從句過長，中間被are gone隔開，故答案為A.

例8：We saw several natives advancing towards our party ，and one of them came up to us，________ we gave some bells and glasses. （2006湖南）

A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which

簡析：根據先行詞為one of them，中間被came up to us隔開，故答案為B.

例9：（2011北京卷）26.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others， _________，of course，make all the others upset.

A.who B.which C.what D.that

簡析：句中of course 為插入語，去掉后不影響句子意思。故答案為B.

3 誤用關系代詞

3.1 誤用 that與what

誤：All what she could do was to go back home.

正：All that she could do was to go back home.

定語從句不受what引導。All做先行詞詞時，定于從句用that引導，其次，諸如復合不定代詞nothing everything等，是先行詞，或者被形容詞最高級、序數詞等修飾的先行詞，可用that而不用which。

3.2 Who與whom誤用

誤：The audiences，most of who were women，welcomed the new actor.

正：The audiences，most of whom were women，welcomed the new actor.

關系代詞緊跟介詞后面引導定詞從句修飾人時用Whom，不能用who；同樣，關系代詞緊跟介詞后面引導定詞從句修飾物時用which如：Two boy students Chang Jiang university，for whom lives were priceless，died for saving two drowning students.

3.3 that與which誤用

誤：My house， that I bought last year，has got a lovely garden.

正：My house，which I bought last year，has got a lovely garden.非限制定語從句，用關系代詞which引導.

3.4 that 與who誤用

誤：Do you know the things and persons who they are talking about？

正：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？

先行詞在多個，且既是人又是物時，要用關系代詞that引導定詞從句。

當然，定語從句由于具有先行詞的復雜性、關系詞的多樣性，以及從句中成分的多變形，位置的靈活性等特點，考查的角度較多。因此，建議碰到從句時要想一想它的意義與功能，理清思路，從而為平日英語的學習和未來的高考奠定基礎。

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