摘要:采用溶劑法對釀酒后的葡萄皮渣中酒石酸的提取工藝進行了研究。試驗以酒石酸的提取率為考察指標(biāo),通過單因素和正交試驗對酒石酸提取工藝進行優(yōu)化。結(jié)果表明,最佳提取工藝為:料液比1∶12(g/mL),提取溫度85 ℃,提取時間4.0 h,提取劑pH 4.0,在此條件下,葡萄皮渣中酒石酸平均提取率為1.079%。
關(guān)鍵詞:葡萄皮渣;酒石酸;正交試驗;溶劑提取法
中圖分類號:TQ914.1 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)21-5276-03
Optimization of Tartaric Acid Extraction from Grape Pomace
LI Li
(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan 750021,China)
Abstract: The tartaric acid was extracted from the grape pomace after brewing by solvent method. Using the extraction rate of tartaric acid as indicators, the extraction processes were optimized with single-factor and orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimal extraction processes were as follows: solid and liquid ratio 1∶12(g/mL), extraction for 4 hours at 85 ℃ and under pH 4.0. Under thoptimal condition, the average extraction rate of tartaric acid was 1.079%.
Key words: grape pomace; tartaric acid; orthogonal test; solvent extraction
隨著中國釀酒葡萄產(chǎn)量的增長和葡萄加工業(yè)的發(fā)展,每年產(chǎn)生約占葡萄加工量20%的皮渣廢棄物[1],主要是葡萄皮、種子和果梗等[2]。目前在中國葡萄皮渣通常被當(dāng)作肥料、飼料甚至垃圾處理,造成很大的浪費[3],而且由于不加處理直接作為垃圾傾倒,形成了很大的環(huán)保壓力,這已經(jīng)成為葡萄加工業(yè)亟待解決的問題。
酒石酸(Tartaric acid,2,3-二羥基丁二酸)是一種多羥基有機酸,為無色半透明晶體或白色細(xì)結(jié)晶粉末,有酸味,有左旋、右旋、外消旋、內(nèi)消旋4種同分旋光異構(gòu)體[4]。主要用于制備醫(yī)藥、媒染劑、靴劑等精細(xì)化學(xué)品,也有一部分用于食品添加劑,以右旋酒石酸最為重要,因其溶解度大,其鹽類也較其他3種構(gòu)型穩(wěn)定。通常用化學(xué)方法合成的酒石酸均屬于外消旋型,而利用富含酒石酸氫鉀的葡萄皮渣為原料所提取的酒石酸,不僅生產(chǎn)成本低,而且全部為右旋型[5]。所以,從葡萄皮渣中提取酒石酸具有顯著的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。本試驗采用溶劑法對釀酒后的葡萄皮渣中酒石酸的提取工藝進行了研究,旨在為葡萄皮渣的綜合利用提供理論依據(jù)。……