宜昌市煙田雜草種類與分布

摘要：為了明確宜昌市主要煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)煙田雜草種類及分布，確定危害煙葉生產(chǎn)的主要雜草種類，為高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)提供技術(shù)支撐，在宜昌市的秭歸縣、興山縣和五峰縣選取了10個(gè)樣點(diǎn)進(jìn)行煙田雜草普查。結(jié)果表明，宜昌市煙田雜草種類53種，分屬22科。根據(jù)雜草發(fā)生密度，宜昌市煙田雜草優(yōu)勢(shì)種為馬唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）、尼泊爾蓼（Polygonum nepalense）和牛膝菊（Galinsoga parviflora）。根據(jù)雜草發(fā)生頻度，宜昌市煙田高頻雜草分別為尼泊爾蓼、鐵莧菜（Acalypha australis）、馬唐和牛膝菊。海拔高度對(duì)雜草的種類及分布有一定影響，雜草種類在低海拔更為豐富。

關(guān)鍵詞：煙田；雜草種類；密度；頻度；分布

中圖分類號(hào)：S451.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2013）21-5210-04

Species and Distribution of Weeds in Tobacco Fields in Yichang City

LI Xi-hong1，XU Ru-bin1，LI Ru-hai2，CHU Shi-hai2， LIU Sheng-gao3，YUAN Yue-bin3

（1.Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province， Wuhan 430030， China； 2.Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases，Insect Pests and Weeds Control/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science，Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Wuhan 430064，China；

3.Yichang Branch of Hubei Tobacco Company， Yichang 443000，Hubei， China）

Abstract： In order to clarify the weed species and distribution of main tobacco districts in Yichang， determine the major weed species harmful to tobacco production and provide technical support for improving the production and quality of tobacco，10 sample sites in tobacco fields from Zigui county， Xingshan county and Wufeng county in Yichang were selected to survey weed. The results showed there were 53 weed species belonging to 22 families in tobacco fields in Yichang. According to weed density， the dominant species were Digitaria sanguinalis， Polygonum nepalense and Galinsoga parvifl. According to weed growing frequency， weeds with high frequency were ranked as Polygonum nepalense， Acalypha australis， Digitaria sanguinalis， and Galinsoga parvifl. Moreover， altitude had certain influence on the species and distribution of weed， weed species being more abundant at lower altitude.

Key words： tabacco fields； species of weeds； density； frequency； distribution

煙田有害生物嚴(yán)重影響煙葉的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。煙田有害生物主要包括病、蟲(chóng)、草害，其中病蟲(chóng)害的研究較多[1-4]，在生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中對(duì)煙田病蟲(chóng)害的防治也更為重視，相對(duì)而言對(duì)煙田雜草研究的廣度與深度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。煙田雜草也是影響煙葉生產(chǎn)的重要有害生物，它與煙葉爭(zhēng)奪光照、水分和空間，惡化田間環(huán)境，影響通風(fēng)透光和排灌，增加生產(chǎn)成本，降低煙葉產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)[5，6]。研究表明，煙田雜草鮮重與煙葉產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)[7]。為了提高煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，必須對(duì)煙田雜草進(jìn)行有效的防除。煙田雜草種類的調(diào)查和雜草種類植物學(xué)分類地位的鑒定，是進(jìn)行煙田雜草生態(tài)學(xué)、生物學(xué)、發(fā)生規(guī)律和雜草群落研究的基礎(chǔ)[8]。只有明確煙田雜草的種類、分布、發(fā)生規(guī)律，才能有針對(duì)性地對(duì)其進(jìn)行高效防除。因此，進(jìn)行煙田雜草的調(diào)查研究十分必要?！?br>