摘要:通過對襄陽市2004年至今截獲的外來雜草進行統計分析,共有外來雜草72種,隸屬16科,包括檢疫性雜草6種,分別是假高粱(Sorghum halepense)、北美蒼耳(Xanthium chinense)、不實野燕麥(Avena sterilis)、飛機草(Eupatorium odoratum)、菟絲子屬(Cuscuta europaea)、齒裂大戟(Euphorbia dentata)。通過普查和文獻整理分析,初步確定襄陽市外來有害雜草種類有46種,隸屬19科,包括2種檢疫性雜草,即豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)和毒麥(Lolium temulentum)。分析了外來有害雜草的危害,并提出了防控措施和建議。
關鍵詞:外來入侵雜草;危害;防控措施;襄陽市
中圖分類號:S41-30;S451 文獻標識碼:B 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)21-5207-03
Studies on Species, Present Situation and Control Measures of Alien Invasive Weeds in Xiangyang City
SU Jia-liang
(Xiangyang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Xiangyang 441003, Hubei, China)
Abstract: According to the analysis of alien invasive weeds intercepted in Xiangyang since 2004, there were 72 alien invasive weed species belonging to 16 families including 6 species of quarantined weeds as following: Sorghum halepense,Xanthium chinense,Avena sterilis,Eupatorium odoratum,Cuscuta europaea and Euphorbia dentata. Based on the analysis of the references, it was preliminarily confirmed that there were 46 species of alien invasive weeds belonging to 19 families including 2 species of quarantined weeds named as Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Lolium temulentu. The damage of alien invasive weeds was analyzed and the suggestions of control measures were put forward.
Key words: alien invasive weeds; damage; control measures; Xiangyang
隨著全球經濟一體化步伐的加快,生物入侵現象也日趨嚴重,外來生物入侵已經成為威脅生物多樣性和生態環境的一個重要因素,其危害僅次于生境破壞,而且能造成巨大的經濟損失。外來入侵植物是指由于人類活動有意或無意的行為使某些植物種發生遷移,并在自然或半自然生態系統或生境中建立種群,成為改變和威脅本地生物多樣性的外來植物,是已經或可能危害經濟、環境或人類健康的非本土物種[1]。
襄陽市地處湖北省西北部,漢江流域中游,秦嶺大巴山余脈,其貫通南北、承啟東西,屬北亞熱帶季風性大陸氣候過渡區,四季分明,氣候溫和,光照充足,熱量豐富,降雨適中,雨熱同季,自然條件得天獨厚,為植物生長提供優越的氣候條件。隨著對外貿易的發展,外來雜草也在不斷入侵襄陽市,現有的外來雜草也在快速擴散。鑒于此,本研究對襄陽市進口貨物攜帶的外來雜草種類進行總結分析,調查整理外來入侵雜草現狀并提出防控措施,并為襄陽市生態安全和經濟建設的可持續發展提供依據。……