摘要:茄子黃萎病是嚴(yán)重影響茄子產(chǎn)量的土傳病害。為了有效控制該病害,從開花期茄子根莖中分離得到對(duì)黃萎病菌具有強(qiáng)烈抑制作用的內(nèi)生生防菌株QZ-8,其抑菌直徑達(dá)24 mm,經(jīng)16 S rDNA序列分析確定其為枯草芽孢桿菌。室內(nèi)定殖試驗(yàn)表明,QZ-8菌株能順利定殖于茄子根際和維管束中,最高定殖量可達(dá)1×105 CFU/g茄組織。另外QZ-8菌株可促進(jìn)茄種子的萌發(fā)、茄子幼苗及根系生長。室內(nèi)盆栽試驗(yàn)表明,QZ-8對(duì)茄子黃萎病均具有很高的防效,可達(dá)78.98%,持效期較長。
關(guān)鍵詞:茄子黃萎病;內(nèi)生菌;定殖;拮抗
中圖分類號(hào):S432.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2013)21-5199-04
Roles of the Endogenous Bacillus Subtilis QZ-8 on the Disease Resistance and Promoting Growth of Eggplant
LU Hong-xue,YANG Ting-xian,YANG Pei,SUN Zheng-xiang, ZHOU Yi
(College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China)
Abstract:Eggplant Verticicillium wilt is a soil-borne disease which can result in great loss of the yield. To control this disease, endophytic antagonistic bacteria were collected in the flowering stage of eggplant. An antagonistic strain with the inhibition diameter 24 mm was isolated from the stem of eggplant. The 16 S rDNA sequence of the strain QZ-8 shares 99.0% sequence homology with that of Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, the strain is named B. subtilis QZ-8. The indoor colonization test showed that the strain QZ-8 could enter the eggplant and the number could reach 1×105 cfu/g. The strain QZ-8 can promote the germination of the eggplant seed and the growth of root and stem. The pot experiments showed that controlling effects of strain QZ-8 on eggplant wilt could be up to 78.98%.
Key words: eggplant wilt; Verticillium dahlia; Bacillus subtilis; colonization; control effect
茄子黃萎病是嚴(yán)重威脅其產(chǎn)量的一種土傳維管束病害,由大麗輪枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb)引起,俗稱半邊瘋、黑心病。該病原菌可以微菌核的形式在植物衰老組織中存活數(shù)年并保持侵染能力[1],在土壤中能存活14年或更長時(shí)間[2],因此該病極難防治。
化學(xué)農(nóng)藥對(duì)茄子黃萎病的防治效果不理想。一方面,由于病菌主要從根部侵入,土壤的吸附和降解能力很強(qiáng),農(nóng)藥進(jìn)入土壤很難殺死土壤中的病菌;另一方面,由于農(nóng)藥內(nèi)吸傳導(dǎo)性差,不能從植物地上部分進(jìn)入并有效地控制進(jìn)入作物維管束內(nèi)的病原菌。選育和種植抗病品種是防治這類病害的最有效途徑,但目前我國栽培品種中缺乏抗黃萎病的種質(zhì)資源[3],水旱輪作能有效控制該病害的發(fā)生,但由于我國耕地面積的限制,這一措施很難實(shí)施。因此,對(duì)于這類病害目前還沒有很有效的防治措施。
拮抗菌成為近年來的研究熱點(diǎn),內(nèi)生菌更是其中的一個(gè)研究方向。……