摘要:為探討聚γ-谷氨酸增效肥對棉花產量及干物質積累的影響,在新疆南疆覆膜滴灌條件下,進行了聚γ-谷氨酸增效肥基肥施用量試驗。結果表明,施用聚γ-谷氨酸增效肥比施常規肥料增加產量10%以上。聚γ-谷氨酸增效肥主要增加了現蕾后的干物質積累量,尤其是生殖器官干物質積累量,單鈴重、單株鈴數和衣分均增加。在當前地膜覆蓋滴灌條件下,利用聚γ-谷氨酸增效肥可減少30%基肥施用量,對棉花產量影響不明顯。
關鍵詞:棉花;聚γ-谷氨酸;增效肥;干物質積累與分配
中圖分類號:S562.062 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)21-5167-04
Effects of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Strengthened Fertilizer on the Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Cotton
ZHAI Yun-long1,CAO Xin-chuan1,L?譈 Shuang-qing1,LIU Wei-yang1,ZHANG Li-li2
(1.College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China; 2.Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of XPCC, Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)
Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of the poly-γ-glutamic acid strengthened fertilizer on the dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton, an experiment was conducted under the condition of drip irrigation with plastic mulching in the south of Xinjiang. The results showed that applying the poly-γ-glutamic acid strengthened fertilizer could increase the yield of cotton by more than 10% compared with the traditional fertilizers. The poly-γ-glutamic acid strengthened fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation, especially the dry matter accumulation of reproductive organs after bud stage. The boll mass, boll per plant and lint percent increased when using the poly-γ-glutamic acid strengthened fertilizer. Using the strengthened fertilizer can reduce 30% of the amount of basic fertilizer.
Key words: cotton; poly-γ-glutamic acid; strengthened fertilizer; dry matter accumulation and distribution
棉花是新疆重要的經濟作物,對新疆農業經濟的發展有著舉足輕重的地位。近幾年,超高產棉田在南北疆頻繁出現,施肥量增加趨勢明顯,然而肥料利用率低、污染環境等問題日漸突出,提高肥料利用率,減少環境污染是目前亟待解決的熱點問題[1-3]。緩控釋肥在提高肥料利用率,減少環境污染方面效果顯著,在棉花上也有一定的應用研究[4,5]。
聚γ-谷氨酸是通過微生物發酵得到的可降解型綠色生物大分子材料。用大分子材料聚γ-谷氨酸將常規肥料螯合,可以實現肥料所含營養元素的緩慢釋放,從而提高肥料的利用效率。聚γ-谷氨酸作為肥料增效劑在農業生產上應用已經取得成功,可提高作物產量10%~30%[6,7],促進作物對肥料的吸收利用,同時還能起到抑制養分流失和快速分解的作用,可在保證產量的前提下減少肥料20%以上的用量[8],還可降低因化肥施用過量或施用化肥不當等原因造成的環境污染,具有顯著的增產節肥效果。……