摘要:收集轉(zhuǎn)外源抗蟲基因Cry1C*的HiII玉米材料T1代陽性轉(zhuǎn)化單株花粉,與生產(chǎn)上常用的鄭58、248、Ye478、昌7-2等30多份自交系測交和回交,并經(jīng)200 mg/L的草胺膦噴施、PCR檢測、大田鑒定等方法對后代植株進(jìn)行陽性單株篩選,連續(xù)進(jìn)行5次回交和篩選,最終自交純合獲得含Cry1C*基因抗蟲玉米新系32份。
關(guān)鍵詞:玉米;轉(zhuǎn)抗蟲基因;新種質(zhì)創(chuàng)制
中圖分類號:S513;S336 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)21-5137-03
Breeding of New Maize Germplasm with Borer Resistance
ZHANG Shi-long1,HE Zheng-hua1,Qiu Fa-zhan2,HUANG Yi-qin1
(1.Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agriculture Science,Wuhan 430064,China;
2. College of Plant Science Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
Abstract: Breeding new borer-resistant varieties was an effective method to prevent pests of maize. The pollens from T1 positive plants of HiII transformed with borer-resistant gene Cry1C* through particle gun bombardment were collected to pollinate more than 30 important inbreds such as Zheng58, 248, Ye478, Chang7-2 and so on, and then backcrossed with these inbreds as recurrent parents. Subsequently, the positive plants were obtained by 200 mg/L phosphinothricin screening, PCR validation and field identification. After continuous backcrossing and screening for 5 times, 32 new borer-resistant lines with Cry1C* gene were bred by final selfing.
Key words: maize; transforming insect-resistant gene; creation of new germplasm
玉米螟是我國玉米主要害蟲之一, 在我國的華北、東北、華東及西北危害嚴(yán)重。玉米螟可危害玉米植株地上的各個(gè)部位,使受害部分喪失功能。通常春玉米的受害株率為30%左右,減產(chǎn)10%。夏玉米受害較重,一般減產(chǎn)20%~30%,嚴(yán)重發(fā)生時(shí),被害株率達(dá)到90%,減產(chǎn)30%左右[1]。由于近年玉米種植面積擴(kuò)大、 新品種生育期延長、種植密度增加以及氣候等原因,玉米螟危害呈現(xiàn)逐年嚴(yán)重趨勢,經(jīng)濟(jì)損失較大[2]。
生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐表明,創(chuàng)制抗蟲玉米新種質(zhì)進(jìn)而選育抗蟲新品種是解決玉米螟危害的有效途徑。然而,傳統(tǒng)育種手段存在周期長、抗源匱乏、雜交不育等難以克服的弊端。近年來,隨著基因工程技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,利用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)培育抗螟品種(系)已成為控制玉米螟危害的一種重要手段[3,4]。據(jù)國際農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)應(yīng)用服務(wù)組織(ISAAA)統(tǒng)計(jì),2011年全球轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲玉米的種植面積達(dá)到4 330萬hm2,占全球玉米種植面積的27.2%[5]。
本研究擬將與抗除草劑Bar基因緊密連鎖的外源抗蟲基因Cry1C*轉(zhuǎn)入鄭58、248、Ye478、昌7-2等生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)用廣泛的多份自交系中,創(chuàng)制一批抗蟲自交系,為選育抗蟲玉米新品種提供基礎(chǔ)材料?!?br>