摘要:較系統(tǒng)地介紹了木材的水分吸著和干縮濕脹從靜態(tài)到動(dòng)態(tài)研究的發(fā)展歷程,并歸納了有關(guān)恒定溫、濕條件和濕度循環(huán)條件下及濕度循環(huán)過(guò)程中3個(gè)階段木材水分吸著和干縮濕脹的研究成果及存在的問(wèn)題,同時(shí)對(duì)今后需要研究的課題進(jìn)行了討論。旨在幫助木材科學(xué)工作者對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的研究進(jìn)行較全面的了解,并希望他們能夠從中得到啟迪和借鑒,把這方面的研究工作提到一個(gè)更新、更高的層次上。
關(guān)鍵詞:木材;水分吸著;干縮濕脹;靜態(tài)條件;動(dòng)態(tài)條件
中圖分類號(hào):S781.33 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2013)21-5121-05
Studies on Moisture Sorption and Hygroexpansion of Wood from Static Condition to Dynamic Condition
MA Er-ni
(College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)
Abstract: This paper introduced systematically the progress of research on moisture sorption and hygroexpansion of wood from static condition to dynamic condition, and summarized the previous investigations and problems in studying moisture sorption and hygroexpansion of wood under three stages of constant temperature and humidity, cyclic humidity condition and humidity circulating process, respectively. Moreover, some prospects for future study were proposed. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall understanding about studies in this field, and further to promote the research onto an advance level.
Key words: wood; moisture sorption; hygroexpansion; static condition; dynamic condition
木材是一種天然吸濕性材料,其水分吸著、干縮濕脹等各種物理性質(zhì)都會(huì)受到環(huán)境溫、濕度的影響。由于日常及季節(jié)性溫、濕度的變化,木材總是在不斷地進(jìn)行吸濕和解吸的同時(shí),尺寸也發(fā)生相應(yīng)的改變,造成木材在加工和使用時(shí)常常出現(xiàn)翹曲、開(kāi)裂等變形問(wèn)題。例如,夏季木制門窗不易關(guān)閉、冬季木地板又容易開(kāi)裂等。此外,木材作為結(jié)構(gòu)件利用的許多情況下,還會(huì)發(fā)生諸如機(jī)械吸濕蠕變等特異行為[1]。因此,對(duì)木材的水分吸著和干縮濕脹進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)而深入的研究尤為重要。
然而,以往對(duì)于木材水分吸著與尺寸變形的研究主要是針對(duì)恒定的溫、濕條件(靜態(tài)條件,Static condition)進(jìn)行的。這種手段可以簡(jiǎn)化實(shí)驗(yàn)條件和理論分析方法,但是過(guò)于理想化。在實(shí)際中,木材的加工和使用環(huán)境的溫、濕條件難以保持恒定(動(dòng)態(tài)條件,Dynamic condition),因而靜態(tài)條件下吸著與變形的研究往往對(duì)木制品在日常使用中的指導(dǎo)意義非常有限。……