AReviewandReflectionofResearchontheSocioculturalImpactsof Tourismsincethe21stCentury

Abstract：Tourismisacomplexphenomenonthatencompassessociety，theeconomy，andtheenvironment.With theglobalexpansionofthetourismindustryfollowingtheSecondWorldWar，itsimpactshavereceivedincreasing attention.Inparticular，thesocioculturalimpactsoftourismhaveemergedasacoretopicandpriorityareawithin tourismgeographysincethe1960s，whenitbecameanestablishedfieldofinquiryinEnglish？speakingcountries.In thispaper，authorsreviewandexaminetheliteratureontourism’ssocioculturalimpactsextractedfromseveral majorjournals.Throughanassessmentofthisliterature，authorsidentifiedandselectedapproximately100relevant studiesfortheanalysis.MargaretDeeryhasdividedtheprocessofconductingsocioculturalimpactresearchinto severalstages.Authorstracekeydevelopmentsintheresearchontourism’ssocioculturalimpactssincethe21st Century，focusingtheanalysisonfouraspects：residents’perceptions，culturalchanges，placeidentity，and socialstructures.Authors’reviewandanalysisshowthatresearchcontentinthisfieldhasdevelopedrapidlyin depthandbreadth，bothinChinaandabroad.However，thisresearchhasmainlybeenempiricalandfocusedon communitiesandtourism，withlessattentionpaidtoaspectsoflaw.Ingeneral，theliteraturerevealssimilar conclusions，withalackofdiscussionofinfluentialfactorsandmechanisms，andslowtheoreticalprogress.Mostof thestudiesare，therefore，ofthe“fillingin”ratherthanthe“forward？looking”variety，offeringlittlescopefor guidingpractice.Conceptually，theyrelyonsocialexchangetheorytopredictandexplainresidents’perceptions andattitudestowardstourism，andonlifecycletheory，whichassumesthattheattitudesandbehaviorofresidents willchangeaccordingtothedifferentdevelopmentalstagesoftourism.However，inthetwenty？firstcentury，the theoreticalframesusedintourismstudieshavebroadenedconsiderablytoincludedisciplinessuchassociology，anthropology，economics，andecology.Forexample，recentstudieshaveadoptedawiderangeoftheoretical constructssuchascommunityattachment，emotionalsolidarity，creativedestruction，socialdisruption，actor？ networks，resilienceassessments，landscapeinformationchains，andculturalsystems.Thesehavevariouslybeen usedtoanalyzethefoursocioculturalaspectsoftourism’simpactthathavebeendescribed.However，although engagingwithmultidisciplinarytheoriesisimportantintourismresearch，theevolutionof“homegrown”theories specifictothisfieldofinquiryisevenmorevaluable，andmarksacriticalstepinthematuringofthefield. Regardingresearchmethods，theanalysisshowedthatquestionnairesurveysandstructuralequationmodelswere mainlyusedtoidentifyandassessresidents’perceptions，attitudes，andbehaviorrelatingtotourism.Qualitative methodswererarelyusedforthisaspectoftheresearch.Occasionally，mailcommunicationsandphonecallswere usedasmethodsofdatacollection.Conversely，qualitativeresearchmethodssuchassemi？structuredinterviews，in？ depthinterviews，andethnographywereusedtoexploretheimpactoftourismonculturalchanges，placeidentity，and socialstructures.Additionally，focusgroups，informalconversationsandnarratives，aswellassomeofthe quantitativemethodsweresometimesused.Lastly，authorsreflectinthispaperontheprospectsofthisfieldof inquiryinviewofthetrendtowardsglobalizationofplace.Inconclusion，authorssuggestthatinthisneweraoflocal？ globalrelations，sustainabledevelopmentofthetourismindustryandbuildingharmoniouslinkagesbetweentourists，residents，andimmigrationprocessesarerequiredtopromoteeffectivemanagementandbestpracticesintourism.

Keywords：socioculturalimpactsoftourism；residents’perceptions；culturalchange；placeidentity；social structures