摘 要:綠葉(葉綠素)是植物光合作用的重要器官,制造有機物質的載體,作物產量形成的基礎。因此,如何充分發揮綠葉的光合功能,是植物效益最大化的關鍵;圍繞著發揮綠葉光合功能的技術,就成為關鍵技術。在植物效益關鍵期,采取關鍵技術措施,可以取得事半功倍的效果。與此同時,綠葉也是構成植物庇蔭的主要因素,尤其在作物封行和林木密郁閉之后。而一切關鍵技術措施的實施,其目的在于減少無效綠葉,使植物群體各生長階段的有效綠葉面積達到或接近最大值,這是發揮綠葉光合功能,提高植物效益的前提。
關鍵詞:植物效益;共性關鍵;綠葉光合功能;作物群體漏光率;喬木群體郁閉度
中圖分類號 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2013)13-37-05
On the Key of Plant Efficiency
Du Hongbin
(Science and Technology Association of Xinchang County,Xinchang 312500,China)
Abstract:Green leaves (chlorophyll)are vital organs of plant photosynthesis as well as sources of organic substance production and bases of crop yields.Therefore,it is essential to bring into full play the photosynthetic function of green leaves.The techniques for this application are so-called key techniques.Application of these key techniques during the critical period of plant efficiency helps to achieve maximum results with little effort.Meanwhile,green leaves are also the principal factor of shade formation,especially when crops have formed full shade between lines and/or forests have closed canopy.The ultimate objective of application of any key technique is to reduce ineffective leaves and to maximize the effective leaf area of the plant population on their each growth stage.This is the prerequisite for enabling leaf photosynthetic function and increasing plant efficiency.
Key words:Plant efficiency;Common key;Leaf Photosynthetic function;Light leakage rate of a crop colony;Crown density of a tree colony
本文的植物系指綠色植物;植物效益是指綠色植物的空間效益[1-3]。
綠色植物體內含有葉綠素,并大量存在于葉子等器官中。綠色植物的最大特點是能夠進行光合作用。所謂光合作用,就是綠色植物利用太陽能將二氧化碳和水轉化為碳水化合物并釋放出氧氣的過程。它是構成植物和作物產量的決定因素[4]。
在光合作用諸要素中,陽光可以比喻為原動力,綠葉是器官和載體,二氧化碳和水是原材料,三者缺一不可。其中,原動力(陽光)和載體(綠葉),互為條件。綠葉(葉綠素)是內因,沒有綠葉,光合作用失去載體,根本不能進行。陽光雖然是外因,但卻很重要。沒有陽光,或在遮蔽下的綠葉,光合作用就失去了原動力,也不能進行。……