摘要:狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)和雙穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)幼嫩期根中質外體屏障結構包括內側的內皮層細胞壁的凱氏帶、栓質層和木質層;外側的外皮層細胞壁的凱氏帶、栓質層和木質層。成熟根中質外體屏障結構包括內側的內皮層細胞壁的凱氏帶、栓質層、木質層和靠近內皮層栓質化和木質化的1~2層皮層細胞;外側的仍為外皮層細胞壁的凱氏帶、栓質層和木質層。不同點在于雙穗雀稗幼嫩期根表皮細胞有擴散狀栓質層,而且內皮層木質化較遲;狗牙根靠近內皮層栓質化和木質化的1~2層皮層細胞沉積很早。
關鍵詞:狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon);雙穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum);質外體屏障結構;組織化學;時空發育
中圖分類號:S688.4 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)20-4991-04
The Developmental Comparison of Apoplastic Barriers in Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum Roots
ZHANG Xia1,YANG Chao-dong1,NING Guo-gui2
(1.College of Gardening and Horticulture, Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China;
2.College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
Abstract: The apoplastic barriers of the Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum roots are consisted of two layers at young development stage. The inner layer is the endodermis with Casparian walls, suberin lamellae and lignified secondary cell walls. The outer is the exodermis with Casparian walls, suberin lamellae and lignified. The apoplastic barriers of the matured roots of the two species also had two layers with the inner endodermis of Casparian walls, suberin lamellae, lignified secondary cell walls, the suberized and lignified cortex cell walls adjacent to endodermis and the outer exodermis of Casparian walls, suberin lamellae and lignified. The difference is the epidermis cell of the Paspalum distichum having diffused suberin in young roots and the endodermis is lignified very later. The suberized and lignified cortex cell walls adjacent to endodermis of the Cynodon dactylon is lignified very early.
Key words: Cynodon dactylon; Paspalum distichum; apoplastic barriers; histochemistry; spatio-temporal development
濕地植物和水生植物也稱為“防水植物”,質外體屏障結構防止水環境中過多水分、離子對植物造成危害,體內氧氣擴散到環境中去[1,2]。通氣組織為濕地植物各組織器官儲藏、輸導氧氣的重要結構,使植物受到洪水脅迫后繼續進行正常生命活動而存活[3]。試驗證實植物體內氧氣常在根的根尖和側根穿過皮層的部位,根莖的莖尖和鱗葉部位有釋放,稱之為徑向氧損失(ROL)[4,5],而且細胞膜的水通道蛋白既是水分子通道,也是氧氣的通道[6,7];然而,濕地植物水稻、蘆葦根中的質外體屏障結構能阻擋徑向氧的釋放[4,5,8-14],以及限制根中水、離子的自由移動[10-17],這表明質外體屏障結構是濕地植物的重要保護裝置。
植物根中質外體屏障包括常見的內、外皮層細胞初生壁的凱氏帶……