摘要:用索氏提取法以乙醇回流提取臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)葉有效成分,并就提取物對桃蚜(Myzus persicae Sulzer)的殺蟲活性進行了測定。室內葉片法生測試驗結果表明,當處理濃度為40 mg/mL時,桃蚜校正死亡率為91.94%,提取物對桃蚜的LC50為13.26 mg/mL;田間防治效果測定結果表明,當濃度為40 mg/mL時,對桃蚜的防治效果為92.86%。臭椿葉提取物對桃蚜有很較好的防治效果。
關鍵詞:臭椿葉;提取物;桃蚜;防治效果
中圖分類號:S436.44 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)20-4944-02
Studies on the Control Efficiency of Extracts from Leaves of Ailanthus altissima Swingle on Myzus persicae Sulzer
WANG Han-hai
(College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong China)
Abstract: The effective component of leaves of Ailanthus altissima Swingle was extracted by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol refluxing. The insecticidal activities of extracts were detected against Myzus persicae Sulzer. The results of indoor leaf bioassay showed that the adjusted death rate is 91.94% when the concentration of extracts is 40 mg/mL with LC50 of 13.26 mg/mL. The results of field control effects showed that the control efficiency of the extracts from leaves of Ailanthus altissima Swingle is 92.86 % against the insects when the concentration of extracts is 40 mg/mL. Therefore, the extracts from Ailanthus altissima Swingle leaves have strong insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae Sulzer.
Key words: leaves of Ailanthus altissima Swingle; extracts; Myzus persicae Sulzer; control efficiency
臭椿(Ailanthus altissima Swingle)屬苦木科(Smiaroubaceae)落葉喬木,根皮為中藥材,稱為椿根皮或椿白皮。臭椿根皮和葉中含有黃酮、吲哚生物堿、苦木苦味素類物質和2,6-二甲氧基苯醌等多種有效成分[1,2],具有抗病毒、抗腫瘤、抗瘧疾和殺菌等活性。桃蚜(Myzus persicae Sulzer)屬半翅目(Hemiptera)蚜科(Aphididae)昆蟲,是廣食性害蟲,又是多種植物病毒的主要傳播媒介,寄主植物至少有74科285種,包括梨、桃、李、梅、櫻桃等薔薇科果樹和白菜、甘藍、蘿卜、芥菜、蕓薹、蕪菁、辣椒、菠菜等多種作物[3,4]。目前主要依賴化學農藥對其進行防治,但大量使用化學農藥會促使害蟲產生抗藥性和造成環境污染。利用植物源生物農藥進行農林病蟲防治,因其具有安全性高、無污染和易降解等優點,已經成為了研究與開發的熱點。臭椿根皮或葉的提取物對光肩星天牛成蟲的產卵與孵化有顯著抑制作用[5],對鋸谷盜成蟲具有較強的驅避、熏殺和種群抑制作用[6],對番茄花葉病毒和煙草花葉病毒有體外抑制作用[7,8],對玉米象和雜擬谷盜成蟲有驅避、觸殺和熏殺作用[9],對菜蚜有較強的觸殺與驅避活性[10]。……