摘要:通過對重慶市九龍坡區白市驛鎮蔬菜基地不同種植年限(1、5、10、15年)的菜地土壤樣品進行采集與分析,研究了不同種植年限下菜地土壤的微生物數量、微生物生物量碳(SMBC)和微生物生物量氮(SMBN)以及土壤酶活性。結果表明,①不同種植年限的菜地中,表層(0~20 cm)土壤中微生物數量和酶活性及SMBC、SMBN總體上高于亞表層(20~40 cm)中的含量;②0~20 cm菜地土壤中細菌和放線菌的數量在種植10年的土壤中最多,而真菌的數量在種植5年的土壤中最多;③對于SMBC來說,0~20 cm菜地土壤的SMBC含量隨著種植年限的增加逐漸遞減;對于SMBN來說,0~20 cm菜地土壤的SMBN含量在種植年限內較穩定;在種植10年的土壤中SMBC和SMBN含量無論在表層還是亞表層中都較高;④不同的種植年限下菜地土壤中酶活性呈現不同的變化,其中過氧化氫酶在不同種植年限下的酶活性比較穩定,維持在1.22~1.62 mL/g;而脲酶和蔗糖酶活性在長期施肥情況下浮動較大,其中脲酶活性最高可達1.80 mg/g,最低僅有0.15 mg/g;蔗糖酶活性最低為0.91 mg/g,最高也只有3.40 mg/g。
關鍵詞:土壤微生物;微生物生物量;土壤酶活性;種植年限;菜地
中圖分類號:S158.5;S154 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)20-4903-05
Effects of Planting Years on Soil Microbial Carbon, Nitrogen and Enzyme Activity of Vegetable Fields
HUANG Rong,WAN Yi-lin,GAO Ming
(College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)
Abstract: Soil samples were collected and analyzed from vegetable fields with different planting years (1,5,10,15 years) in the vegetable base of Baishiyi town, Jiulongpo district, Chongqing city. The soil microorganism quantity, microbial biomass carbon(SMBC) and nitrogen(SMBN), and soil enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that microorganism quantity and enzyme activity, SMBC and SMBN content of surface soil (0 to 20 cm) were higher than that of subsurface soil(20 to 40 cm). In 0~20 cm vegetable soil the maximum amount of bacteria and actinomycetes were in the vegetable soil planted for 10 years, while the maximum amount of fungi was in the vegetable soil planted for 5 years. SMBC content in 0~20 cm vegetable soil gradually decreased with the increase of planting years. SMBN content in 0~20 cm vegetable soil with different planting years was relatively stable. SMBC and SMBN contents in both surface or subsurface soil planted for 10 years were high.Enzyme activity in vegetable soil was differed with different planting years. Catalase activity in soil with different planting years was relatively stable and maintained at 1.22~1.62 mL/g. Urease and invertase activity was fluctuated under long-term fertilization. Urease activity could be high up to 1.80 mg/g with the minimum of 0.15 mg/g. The invertase activity was ranged from 0.91 mg/g to 3.40 mg/g.
Key words: soil microorganism; microbial biomass; soil enzyme activity; planting years; vegetable field
土壤微生物生物量不僅是土壤有機質和土壤養分轉化與循環的動力, 還是土壤中植物有效養分的儲備庫,能直觀地反映土壤微生物和土壤肥力狀況[1]。土壤酶參與了腐殖質的合成與分解以及土壤中一切生物化學的過程,是一個反映土壤質量的生物學指標。
不同耕作方式對土壤微生物生物量及酶活性有一定的影響,其中免耕最有利于提高土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性[2]。……