摘要: 根據鄂西北氣候條件,通過對當地茶園土壤理化性狀的分析,提出了“選用良種、測土施肥、適時播種、加強田間管理”的旱作套種紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)技術路線,該研究對擴大紫云英種植面和推廣普及綠肥種植技術具有普遍的指導意義。
關鍵詞:茶園;紫云英(Astragalus sinicus);旱作套種技術
中圖分類號:S344.3 文獻標識碼:B 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)20-4886-03
Intercropping and Dry Cultivation of Astragalus sinicus in Tea Gardens at Northwest of Hubei Province
ZHOU Xian-zhu1,HU Zheng-mei2,DU Wei3,LIAO Shi-yong3,FANG Fei3,YANG Wen-bing1,FANG Hua4, Hu Yuan3
(1. Soil and Fertilizer Station of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Vegetables Management Office of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China; 3. Agriculture Department of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China; 4. Soil and Fertilizer Station of Zhusan County of Siyan City, Zhusan 442200, Hubei, China)
Abstract: Based on the climate of northwest areas in Hubei province and the analysis of physical and chemical properties of the soil of local tea gardens, a technical route of intercropping and dry farming of Astragalus sinicus was put forward by choosing fine varieties of Astragalus sinicus, soil testing, fertilizer recommendation, timely sowing and strengthen field management. It is suggested that the technology of intercropping and dry cultivation of Astragalus sinicus in tea gardens can provide guidance for expanding the planting area of Astragalus sinicus and popwarizing the cultivation technology of green manure.
Key words: tea gardens; Astragalus sinicus; intercropping and dry cultivation
竹山縣是湖北省2012年國家土壤有機質提升補貼項目綠肥種植示范縣,示范推廣綠肥種植1 647 hm2,并在九里崗鎮舉辦紫云英示范核心樣板322 hm2。為加強中低產茶園技術改造,竹山縣探索研究紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)茶園旱作種植效果。2012年秋季,竹山縣在有機質提升項目區進行茶園旱作種植技術示范, 經2013年調查研究,發現紫云英長勢良好,茶園露地幾乎覆蓋,紫云英茶園旱作種植起到了保墑、防草、隔泥、肥田的效應。
1 竹山低產茶園的障礙因子分析
竹山縣地處鄂西北山區,地理位置處在中國南北氣候過渡帶,具有干旱、半干旱的氣候特點和較高的森林覆蓋率,造就了高香型茶葉產業板塊。2012年全縣茶園總面積達到11 000 hm2,實現茶葉產量5 960 t,茶葉產值6.2億元,茶葉成為綠色支柱產業。與竹山其他高產茶園相比,九里崗生態茶園普遍產量低、茶級低、效益差。經對該區寶豐鎮小堰村茶園抽樣調查,2012年鮮茶產量70 kg/hm2, 產值786元, 是高產茶園產量的1/10,產值的1/6以下。不合理的施肥和土地過度利用,加劇了土壤肥力的退化,使茶園生態環境受到威脅[1]。經過科學分析,發現該地區泥土粘重、堿土為害、干旱半干旱、地瘦缺肥等四大障礙因子是茶園低產低效的主要原因。……