鈣鎂硫肥對(duì)賀蘭山東麓釀酒葡萄的影響

摘要：針對(duì)賀蘭山東麓釀酒葡萄栽培過程中施肥存在的單施化肥、肥料種類少、利用率低等問題，通過田間試驗(yàn)設(shè)置不施肥（CK）、常規(guī)施肥、常規(guī)施肥+鈣鎂硫肥、常規(guī)施肥+鈣鎂硫肥+腐植酸4種處理，對(duì)不同施肥處理下釀酒葡萄長勢、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)以及土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明，腐植酸對(duì)于改善干旱區(qū)沙質(zhì)土壤釀酒葡萄園的pH有明顯作用；在常規(guī)施肥基礎(chǔ)上增施鈣鎂硫肥與增施鈣鎂硫肥和腐植酸均能顯著提高釀酒葡萄新梢長和葉片葉綠素含量，并能顯著促進(jìn)葡萄葉柄鉀素的積累和產(chǎn)量的增加；鈣鎂硫肥處理能顯著增加釀酒葡萄維生素C含量和可溶性固形物，同時(shí)明顯降低總酸度，尤其是增施了腐植酸的處理，糖酸比達(dá)到31.94，與常規(guī)施肥處理相比，顯著改善了釀酒葡萄的品質(zhì)。

關(guān)鍵詞：釀酒葡萄；鈣鎂硫肥；腐植酸肥；賀蘭山東麓

中圖分類號(hào)：S143.7；S663.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2013）20-4878-04

Effect of Calcium， Magnesium and Sulphur Fertilizer on Wine Grape in Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain

SHI Ming，SI Hai-li，ZHU Ying，GUO Jie，ZHANG Xiao-juan，SUN Quan，WANG Rui，WANG Zhen-ping

（Agriculture College of Ningxia University / Grape and Wine Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry， Yinchuan 750021， China）

Abstract： To solve the problems of single chemical fertilizer， few kinds of fertilizer and low utilization in wine grape cultivation in eastern foot of Helan Mountain， 4 kinds of treatment including no fertilizer（control）， conventional fertilization， conventional fertilization with calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer， conventional fertilization with calcium， magnesium and sulphur fertilizer， and humic acid fertilizer was set. The growth， production， quality， and soil physicochemical property of wine grape under each treatment was measured. Results showed that CaMgS plus humic acid fertilizer played a significant role in improving pH of wine grape in arid sandy soil vineyards. On the basis of conventional fertilization， increasing CaMgS plus humic acid fertilizer can effectively improve the chlorophyll content of leaves， promote the accumulation of petiole potassium pigment and increase the production growth. CaMgS treatment significantly increased the Vitamin C content and soluble solids of wine grape， but significantly reduced the total acidity. When the humic acid fertilizer treatment was increased， the sugar-acid ratio reached up to 31.94 and the wine grape quality was improved compared with conventional fertilization.

Key words： wine grape； calcium， magnesium and sulphur fertilizer； humic acid fertilizer ； eastern foot of Helan Mountain

寧夏回族自治區(qū)賀蘭山東麓因地處北緯36°—42°，被國內(nèi)外公認(rèn)為是最適宜種植釀酒葡萄的“黃金地帶（北緯38°）”之一，也是全國三大葡萄酒地理標(biāo)志保護(hù)產(chǎn)區(qū)之一。近年來，寧夏回族自治區(qū)政府將釀酒葡萄列為自治區(qū)優(yōu)勢特色農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，截至2011年底，賀蘭山東麓葡萄種植面積超過2.9萬hm2，葡萄酒生產(chǎn)加工能力達(dá)到17.6萬t，產(chǎn)值超過20億元，計(jì)劃到“十三五”末發(fā)展到6.7萬hm2。然而，賀蘭山東麓釀酒葡萄產(chǎn)區(qū)也存在一些制約釀酒葡萄產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的因素，如土壤瘠薄，有機(jī)質(zhì)積累少，保水保肥性能差，土壤強(qiáng)堿性導(dǎo)致中微量營養(yǎng)元素強(qiáng)烈固定，不能被根系正常吸收利用，常造成釀酒葡萄產(chǎn)量低而不穩(wěn)，嚴(yán)重制約著賀蘭山東麓釀酒葡萄產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。……