稻—油免耕復(fù)種連作施肥模式及減量施肥效應(yīng)研究

摘要：為了建立適合湖北省稻-油復(fù)種連作制度的高產(chǎn)、高效和保護性、環(huán)保型生產(chǎn)技術(shù)體系， 2008-2010年在安陸市棠棣鎮(zhèn)開展了水稻-油菜復(fù)種連作雙免耕秸稈還田系統(tǒng)作物合理施肥模式及減量施肥效應(yīng)試驗。結(jié)果表明，在相同施肥量和基肥追肥比例條件下兩種作物產(chǎn)量隨追肥次數(shù)的增加而提高；水稻在返青期、分蘗初期和拔節(jié)期進行3次追肥，可促進分蘗成穗、幼穗分化以及子粒灌漿充實而實現(xiàn)水稻高產(chǎn)；油菜在間苗、定苗后及12月上中旬進行3次追肥，可促進角果和子粒的形成及子粒充實而實現(xiàn)油菜高產(chǎn)；在當前習(xí)慣施肥水平基礎(chǔ)上水稻氮、磷肥減量8%～10%、油菜氮磷鉀肥減量9%～10%，如實行3次追肥模式可獲得高于或相當于當前習(xí)慣施肥模式的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量和生產(chǎn)效益，從而達到增產(chǎn)增收和節(jié)本目的，并可降低農(nóng)田受化肥污染的風(fēng)險。

關(guān)鍵詞：稻-油復(fù)種；免耕；秸稈還田；施肥模式；施肥效應(yīng)

中圖分類號：S511.48；S565.4 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：0439-8114（2013）20-4870-05

Studies on Modes of Fertilization and the Effects of Fertilization Reduction in Minimum-Tilled Double Cropping System of Rice-Oilseed Rape

WANG Ji-an1，WEI Zong-lin2，YANG Te-wu3，ZHANG Si-song4，WU Jiang-sheng3，XU Zu-hong2，

FEI Hua-ping2，LI Xiao-feng2，LIU Yu-peng2

（1.Xiaogan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Xiaogan 432000， Hubei， China；

2.Anlu Agricultural Bureau， Anlu 432600， Hubei， China；

3. College of Plant Science and Technology， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China；

4. General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension of Hubei Province， Wuhan 430070， China）

Abstract： In order to establish a high-yield， efficient and conservational and environment-friendly fertilization technology for double-cropping system of rice-oilseed rape in Hubei province， appropriate fertilization modes and the effects of fertilization reduction under the conditions of minimum tillage and straw mulch were studied in Tangli township， Anlu city from 2008 to 2010. The results showed that the yield of these two crops was raised by increasing the frequency of topdressing without changing the fertilization amount and the base to dressing ratio. High yield of rice was achieved by topdressing three times during the stage of returning green early tillering and jointing， which can promote tiller-earing， young spike differentiation and grain filling. For high yield of oilseed， topdressing three times after seedling thinning and final singling and during the early or middle of December can enhance the formation of pods and grains and grain filling. Compared with current level of fertilizer used， the usage of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer for rice was reduced by 8% to 10% and the amount of nitrogen， phosphate and potassium fertilizer used for oilseed was reduced by 9% to 10%. By adopting the three-times-topdressing method， higher or equal yield and production efficiency can be achieved， comparing with current fertilizer mode. Meanwhile， the former mode can reduce the cost and decrease the risk of fertilizer pollution in farmland.

Key words： rice-oilseed rape double cropping； minimum tillage； straw mulch； mode of fertilization； effect of fertilization

稻-油復(fù)種連作是長江中下游地區(qū)一種重要的耕作制度。在我國人口持續(xù)增長而耕地面積不斷減少、從事農(nóng)田作業(yè)的勞動力越來越少的形勢下，如何有效地發(fā)揮稻-油復(fù)種連作系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)潛力、實現(xiàn)農(nóng)作資源的高效利用，以及降低農(nóng)作生產(chǎn)的勞動強度和減輕農(nóng)作過程對環(huán)境的負面影響，已成為我國農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的一個重要內(nèi)容。稻-油復(fù)種免耕是將免耕和水稻-油菜復(fù)種制度結(jié)合后產(chǎn)生的一種新型耕作方式[1]。……