動詞的-ing形式既包括動名詞又包括現在分詞,在英語中使用極其廣泛,同時也是高考中的重要考點,因此要求每位高中學生對其都應清楚了解并正確運用。下面就動詞的-ing形式在句中做定語總結如下:
動詞的-ing形式做定語在句中通常有兩個位置,如果是單個的動詞的-ing形式做定語,常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語;如果是動詞的-ing形式的短語做定語,常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如:
1.He is an attacking player.他是一個攻擊型的運動員。
2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一個令人難堪的問題。
3.A little child learning to walk often falls.學走路的小孩常常跌跤。
4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道來參加晚會的人數嗎?
注意:當-ing形式做后置定語時,可以相當于相應的定語從句。如:
1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位寫小說的青年昨天來向我們作報告。
2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。
-ing形式做定語通常從以下三方面考查,即:
1)說明被修飾詞的性質,特征或用途。如:
1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他們將手術臺架設在一座小廟里。
2.He may be in the reading room,for all I know.他說不定在閱覽室里。
3.Ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.
女士們先生們,請去會議室等待。
2)與被修飾詞為主動關系且表示正在進行的動作。如:
1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.
有大約二百個孩子在這所藝術學校學習。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
正在和我們英語老師談話的那位婦女是誰?
3)有些-ing形式已經轉化成形容詞,常做定語用來修飾物,表示“令人……”。常用的此類詞有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。如:
1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那準時一段可怕的經歷。
2.The experiment was an amazing success.那項試驗是一個驚人的成功。
3.There is a page missing from this book.這本書缺了一頁。
除了-ing形式能做定語外,如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動關系,就用它的被動式,即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定語。如:
1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高樓是我們的新學校。
2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.
正在被討論的問題是被校長提出的。