摘要:假眼小綠葉蟬(Empoasca vitis G?觟the)是中國茶區最主要害蟲,在湖北武漢地區茶園對該葉蟬及其卵寄生蜂種群動態進行了初步調查。結果表明,假眼小綠葉蟬種群消長動態呈現雙峰型,第一峰出現在5月底至6月底,主要危害夏茶,第二峰出現在9月底至10月底,主要危害秋茶。寄生假眼小綠葉蟬卵的寄生蜂為葉蟬三棒纓小蜂(Stethynimu empoasca Subba Rao)和微小裂骨纓小蜂(Schizophragma parvulas Ogloblin),6~10月2種寄生蜂聯合寄生率為23%~55%。
關鍵詞:茶園;假眼小綠葉蟬;卵寄生蜂;種群消長動態;武漢地區
中圖分類號:S435.711 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2013)04-0823-03
Population Dynamics of Empoasca vitis and Its Egg Parasitoids on Tea
Plantation in Wuhan
MAO Ying-xin,TAN Rong-rong,GONG Zi-ming,LIU Ming-yan
(Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430209, China)
Abstract: Empoasca vitis is one of the cardinal pests in tea plantation of China. The population dynamics of E. vitis and its egg parasitoids were investigated. Results indicated that there were two peaks of abundance on the population dynamics of E. vitis in Wuhan, among which the first peak appeared from late May to late June, and the second peak occurred from late September to late October. Two egg parasitoids, Stethynimu empoasca Subba Rao and Schizophragma parvulas Ogloblin, in Mymaridae had been found in Wuhan tea plantation, and the combining parasitic percentage of both egg parasitoids amounted to 23%~55% from June to October.
Key words: tea plantation; Empoasca vitis G?觟the; egg parasitoids; population dynamics; Wuhan
假眼小綠葉蟬(Empoasca vitis G?觟the)是中國茶區頭號害蟲,從山東茶區至海南茶區都有,1年約發生7~20代,主要以成蟲、若蟲刺吸茶樹嫩梢汁液為害。茶樹受害后葉緣變黃,葉脈變紅,葉片扭曲,嚴重時葉緣、葉尖紅褐焦枯,芽葉生長僵滯甚至脫落,對茶葉產量和品質影響很大[1]。由于假眼小綠葉蟬繁殖力強,為害隱蔽,加之世代多且各代發育不一致,單靠常規化學農藥防治很難奏效,必須積極探索環境友好的治蟲新方法。近年來發現寄生葉蟬卵的2種纓小蜂——葉蟬三棒纓小蜂(Stethynimu empoasca Subba Rao)和微小裂骨纓小蜂(Schizophragma parvulas Ogloblin)在閩、浙、蘇、皖茶區的茶園中數量大、寄生率高、跟隨效應明顯[2,3],是假眼小綠葉蟬重要的自然控制因子,顯示出很好的應用前景。
為了解假眼小綠葉蟬及其卵寄生蜂在武漢地區茶園的發生規律,于2012年1~11月調查了葉蟬及其寄生蜂種群的消長動態和越冬蟲態,旨在為合理利用寄生蜂防控假眼小綠葉蟬提供參考。
1 材料與……