葫蘆科植物嫁接羅漢果的綜合效應研究

摘要：采用葫蘆科植物栝樓、葫蘆、木鱉作為砧木嫁接羅漢果，以羅漢果本砧和組培苗作為對照，探討了不同砧穗組合對羅漢果生長與結果等方面的綜合效應。結果表明，葫蘆科植物科內嫁接羅漢果具有良好的親和性；用葫蘆做砧木的羅漢果嫁接植株與羅漢果本砧相比，具有結果多、產量高、品質好、抗根結線蟲能力較強的特點，而且嫁接操作比較容易；木鱉根系強大，抗根結線蟲能力強，嫁接羅漢果成活率最高，植株生長旺盛，但是嫁接植株沒有開花，可以考慮做基砧用；栝樓種子發芽比較困難，通過變溫催芽處理（25 ℃/12 h、35 ℃/12 h）可提高發芽率，做砧木嫁接羅漢果親和性一般，坐果率高，高抗根結線蟲，但產量和品質不如葫蘆砧和羅漢果組培苗，可以作為備選砧木考慮；羅漢果本砧和組培苗易發生根結線蟲病，但是組培苗的果實產量和品質較好。在嫁接方法選擇上，劈接法嫁接的成活率高于頂插法，而且在株高、莖粗、葉片數和葉片大小等幼苗生長能力方面都顯著高于頂插法；在嫁接苗的管理上，于園土中加入20%蚯蚓糞的混合基質能顯著促進羅漢果嫁接苗的生長。

關鍵詞：羅漢果；葫蘆科；砧木；嫁接；綜合效應

中圖分類號：S567.23+9；S504.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：0439-8114（2013）04-0854-07

Study on Comprehensive Effect of Grafting Siraitia grosvenorii on Cucurbitaceae Plants

XUE Jin-jun1，2，QIN Zhong-ming2

（1. College of Agricultural， Hebei University of Engineering， Handan 056021， Hebei， China；

2. College of Agricultural， Guangxi University， Nanning 530005， China）

Abstract： Cucurbitaceae plants including Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim， Lagenaria siceraria（Molina） Standl.， Momordica cochinchinensis （Lour.）Spreng. were used as grafting rootstock of Siraitia grosvenorii （Swingle） C.Jeffrey ex Lu et Z.Y.Zhang， taking S. grosvenorii tissue culture seedlings and S. grosvenorii raw plant as rootstock as control to explore the comprehensive effects of different combinations of scion on the growth and fruiting of S. grosvenorii. Results showed that the Cucurbitaceae plants and S. grosvenorii had good grafting compatibility. Compared to S. grosvenorii tissue culture seedlings and S. grosvenorii raw plant as rootstock， using L. siceraria as rootstock， the S. grosvenorii was with more fruits， high yield， good quality， strong Meloidogyne resistance； and the grafting could be easily operated with relatively high survival rate. M. cochinchinensis rooted powerfully and was with Meloidogyne resistance， thus the survival rate was the highest when it was used as the rootstock； and plant growth was exuberant； however， the grafted plants could not flower， thus it should be considered as base rootstock. Seed germination of T. kirilowii was difficult， through variable-temperature pregermination treatment（day 25 ℃/12 h， 35 ℃/12 h） could increase germination rate. Using T. kirilowii as rootstoct， the affinity was normal， while fruit setting rate and resistance to Meloidogyne was high； but the yield and quality was worse than using L. siceraria as rootstock or S. grosvenorii tissue culture seedlings， thus could be considered as alternative rootstock. S. grosvenorii tissue culture seedling and S. grosvenorii itself as rootstock was susceptible to Meloidogyne， but fruit yield and quality of tissue culture seedlings was better. For the grafting method， survival rate of cleft graft was higher than the top plug method， while plant height， stem diameter， number of blades and blade size， seedling growth capacity was also significantly higher than those of the top plug method. As for management of grafting seedling， adding mixing matrix with 20% vermicompost in garden soil could significantly promote the growth of grafting seedlings of S. grosvenorii.

Key words： Siraitia grosvenorii（Swingle）C. Jeffrey ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang； Cucurbitaceae； rootstock； grafting； comprehensive effect

羅漢果[Siraitia grosvenorii（Swingle）C.Jeffrey ex Lu et Z.Y.Zhang]是葫蘆科（Cucurbitaceae）羅漢果屬（Siraitia Merr.）多年生宿莖攀緣草質藤本果藥多用植物，為中國特有植物[1-3]。羅漢果營養價值很高，干果中總糖含量達25.17%～38.31%，其中果糖10.20%～17.55%、葡萄糖5.71%～15.19%[4]，還含有甜度比蔗糖甜300倍的三萜類甜味物質羅漢果皂苷（Mogroside）[5]。……