那些年，我們所不知的極客

9)Alan Turing

Famous Geekiness: The 10)Turing Machine in second place. His effect on the outcome of the Second World War in first.

This year， on Alan Turing’s birthday， Google honored him with a special 11)doodle. Why? Because the famous 12)cipher breaker is regarded as the Father of Computer Science. He also made a lasting contribution to ideas about artificial intelligence. The Turing Machine was the 13)forefather of the modern computer 14)algorithm.

如果說我看得比別人更遠，那是因為我站在巨人的肩膀上。”天才艾薩克·牛頓曾這么說過。史上最杰出的頭腦之一所歸結的真理，本文榜單上的每位備受尊崇的人士也該十分認同吧。“十”這個數字，相對那些改變世界的極客們，只是一個極小的數目，作為代表性的數字，為的是保持名單簡要。

我能用以辯解的唯一內在邏輯就是極客名單上的人或許是即使你在附近的購物商場遇到，也不會認出來的。沒有第三版人物，所以不會是史蒂夫·喬布斯、比爾·蓋茨、塞吉·布林和拉里·佩奇，或者馬克·扎克伯格。

Napster was shut down in 2001 after a series of 39)lawsuits by music majors. Napster popularized the P2P model and it was one of the first platforms where indie singers and underground music could make its name. Shawn Fanning is a college 40)dropout and he set up Napster along with John Fanning and Sean Parker. Famous Geekiness: Created BitTorrent.

You might have heard about BitTorrent but not about Bram Cohen. The American computer programmer wrote the peer-to-peer protocol that enables us to share files of any type simultaneously with other users around the world. He also programmed the BitTorrent client.

42)Michael Hart

Famous Geekiness: Creator of the electronic book(eBook).

Michael Hart is probably the least geeky person on this list， but his contribution is profound and could be more so as knowledge expands and spreads. Thanks to eBooks. He is also the founder of Project Gutenberg， which makes available books out of copyright (public domain) and some copyrighted works that are available with express permission. Project Gutenberg can also be thought of as the world’s first online public library.

納普斯特網在經歷了一系列音樂要人的法律訴訟之后，于2001年關閉。納普斯特網普及化了點對點模型，而且當時那是獨立音樂人和地下音樂得以揚名立萬的首個平臺。肖恩·范寧是一個大學輟學生，和約翰·范寧、肖恩·帕克共同建立了納普斯特網。

布拉姆·科恩

極客本領：開發了比特流軟件。

你或許聽說過比特流，但是卻沒聽過布拉姆·科恩。這位美國計算機程序設計員編寫了點對點協議，使得我們能夠與世界各地用戶同步共享任何形式的文檔。他還編寫了比特流客戶端。

邁克爾·哈特

極客本領：電子書的創造者。

邁克爾·哈特或許是這個名單上最不極客的人了，但是他的貢獻意義深遠，而且隨著知識的積累和傳播，影響可能遠不止如此。多虧了電子書。他還是“古登堡計劃”的創建人，這個計劃使得書籍（在公共領域中）不受版權限制就可供閱覽，還有一些帶有明確許可的版權作品。……