別樹一幟的格拉斯哥

格拉斯哥——這座蘇格蘭最大的城市歷經戲劇化的起伏跌宕，目前正在進行一場城市復興。在大英帝國時期，格拉斯哥號稱帝國第二大城市。這里不僅出產輪船，還是眾多偉大思想家驗證其理論的場所。但是到了20世紀中葉，這個城市卻因其貧民窟而臭名昭著。一位建筑專家曾說：“格拉斯哥唯一需要的，就是一次沐浴和一點點關愛?！苯裉?，這兩者它都得到了——這里不僅有時髦的商店和蓬勃發展的文化生活，還有各具特色的餐廳。格拉斯哥不愧為蘇格蘭最令人激動的城市！

Glasgow was a carefully planned Victorian city， and thanks to a successful 20th century redevelopment， the splendour[光彩壯麗] of the city has been brought to life once again. Today， Glasgow attracts more visitors than Edinburgh， a goal not dreamed possible by even the most optimistic[樂觀的] a few years ago.

Fully half of Scotland’s population lives in Glasgow， which has long been famous for its shipbuilding. The port of Greenock was the birthplace of many ocean-going[遠洋航行的] liners[郵輪]， including the Queen Mary and the Queen Elizabeth.

The site Glasgow now inhabits[存在于] was originally chosen by St. Mungo for his church 1400 years ago. In 1136 a cathedral[大教堂] was built over his remains. Although the original burned down in 1192， the present cathedral was rebuilt soon after. The tomb of St. Mungo is in the crypt[教堂地下室]， where a light always burns. This is Scotland’s only complete Medieval[中世紀的] cathedral.

George Square is the location of the City Chambers[會議廳]， opened by Queen Victoria in 1888. Here， too， are impressive statues of Sir Walter Scott注1， Victoria and her beloved Albert注2， and the Poet Laureate注3 of Scotland Robert Burns注4.

Glasgow University is one of Europe’s oldest and finest institutions[公共機構] of higher learning. Founded by Scottish King James II in 1451， it put Glasgow on the intellectual[有智力的] map， and was a centre of the Enlightenment注5 in Scotland. It was moved to its present location on Gilmour Hill in the 1870s. It’s home to splendid[輝煌的] museums and art collections and remains one of Glasgow’s most famous attractions.

The Burrell Collection is the single most popular tourist attraction in Scotland. Sir William Burrell was a wealthy ship owner with a passion for fine art. Upon his death， he donated his entire 8，000 piece collection of world-class masterpieces to the City of Glasgow. Visitors can browse[隨意觀看] through exhibits of the highest-quality furniture， textiles， ceramics[陶瓷制品]， stained glass[彩色玻璃]， silver， tapestry[織錦，掛毯]， sculptures and paintings， especially 19th century French works.

Glasgow is also the perfect centre from which to explore Robert Burns country. Located in scenic Ayrshire， Alloway is full of Burns associations[聯系]. Poetic pilgrims[朝圣者] can visit Burns’s birthplace， museum and monument. The atmospheric[有藝術氛圍的] old Kirk[蘇格蘭教堂] is both the resting place of Burns’s father and another of the locales[場所] featured in Robert Burns’s poetry.

Culzean Castle is a magnificent home that was donated to the National Trust for Scotland in 1945. The views alone are worth the visit as it looks out over the lovely Firth[河口灣] of Clyde. The castle itself is a treasure trove[珍藏物] of historic interest. It was designed by renowned architect Robert Adams and has many unique design elements that reflect his talents. After World War II， then General Eisenhower注6 was given a guest apartment here for life in gratitude[感激] for his service as Allied[同盟國的] Commander. An exhibit of Eisenhower memorabilia[值得紀念的事物] is still shown. Eisenhower particularly loved the world-famous golf courses of Turnberry and Troon， which are nearby.

Legendary Loch[（蘇格蘭語）湖] Lomond， with its “bonny[漂亮的]banks，” is the largest and most beautiful of the Scottish lakes. The wild highland area to the east and northeast of the loch has been dubbed[授予稱號] “The Trossachs.” These areas are said to contain the finest scenery in all of Scotland. Its beauty， history and romance was brought to the world’s attention by Sir Walter Scott as he immortalized[使不朽] the area in his Rob Roy and The Lady of the Lake.

This famous lake and others around it can be enjoyed from the deck[甲板] of a classic steamer[汽船]， from the seat of a bicycle， or in a rustic[鄉村的] canoe. Many charming little towns dot the shores of Loch Lomond. The picturesque[如畫的] village of Luss has distinctive stone cottages lining the water’s edge.

With so much watery beauty in this region， it shouldn’t come as a surprise that water plays a part in local tastes and traditions. Gelengoyne Distillery[釀酒廠] is nestled[坐落在] in the Kempsey Hills， a location chosen for its proximity[接近] to a water source and for the lay of the land. As any visitor can attest[證明]， the highland malt[麥芽] whiskey distilled here pays delicious tribute to the heritage of fine Scotch.

Just as famous as Scotch whiskey is Scottish wool. At the Wool Centre， you can learn all about the traditional skills that are used to create the high quality cloth. From shepherds[牧羊犬] in the field to spinning and weaving， the process is presented in entertaining and informative[提供資訊的] fashion.

From the rich traditions of local life to the beauty of moor[沼地]， mountain and lake， this part of Scotland is the stuff of legends， of poems， songs and books. It’s also dear to the heart of every noble Scotsman.

格拉斯哥是一座經過精心規劃的維多利亞式城市。經過20世紀的一次成功重建，這座城市得以重現昔日的輝煌。如今，格拉斯哥吸引的游客比愛丁堡還多。要是在幾年前，即使是最樂觀的人也不敢想象能夠實現這個目標。

蘇格蘭有一半人口住在以造船聞名的格拉斯哥。格里諾克港是許多遠洋輪船的誕生地，包括“瑪麗女王號”和“伊麗莎白女王號”。

格拉斯哥的所在地原是1400年前圣蒙戈的教堂選址。1136年，人們于圣蒙戈的遺骨上修建了一座大教堂。雖然這座教堂在1192年被燒毀，但不久之后便得以重建，也就是現在這座教堂。圣蒙戈墓位于地下室，那里有一盞長明燈。這是蘇格蘭唯一一座保存完整的中世紀大教堂。

喬治廣場是市政廳所在地，由維多利亞女王于1888年啟用。這里同樣有沃爾特·斯科特爵士、維多利亞和她心愛的艾伯特、蘇格蘭桂冠詩人羅伯特·彭斯等人令人印象深刻的雕像。

格拉斯哥大學由蘇格蘭國王詹姆斯二世于1451年建立，是歐洲最古老、最優秀的高等學府之一。它令格拉斯哥在學智的地圖上占有一席之地，一度是蘇格蘭啟蒙運動的中心。19世紀70年代，格拉斯哥大學遷至位于吉爾莫山上的現址。這里有瑰麗的博物館及藝術藏品，一直以來都是格拉斯哥最有名的景點之一。

伯勒爾收藏館是蘇格蘭最受歡迎的旅游景點。威廉·伯勒爾爵士是一名熱愛藝術的富有船東。他在臨終前將自己總共8000件世界級的杰作藏品捐給了格拉斯哥市。游客可以在此欣賞各種頂級家具、紡織品、陶瓷、彩色玻璃、銀器、掛毯、雕塑和繪畫，尤其是19世紀的法國作品。

格拉斯哥也是探訪羅伯特·彭斯故鄉的最佳起點。阿洛韋鎮坐落在風景秀麗的艾爾郡，這里到處都能見到與彭斯有關的景物。來朝圣的詩歌迷可以拜訪彭斯的出生地、博物館和紀念碑。藝術氛圍濃厚的阿洛韋老教堂是彭斯父親的安息之地，同時也出現在羅伯特·彭斯的詩歌里。

卡爾津城堡是一座宏偉的宅邸，于1945年被捐贈給蘇格蘭國家信托。此處的風景本身便值得一游，因為它正好俯視著美麗的克萊德河灣。城堡也是一座歷史古跡的寶庫。它由著名建筑師羅伯特·亞當斯設計，具有許多展現其才華的獨特設計元素。二戰之后，此處的一所公寓被贈予當時的艾森豪威爾將軍作為終身客居，以感謝他作為盟軍司令所作出的貢獻?，F在仍有艾森豪威爾的紀念品在此展出。艾森豪威爾特別喜歡附近聞名世界的特恩貝里和特倫的高爾夫球場。

傳奇的洛蒙德湖有著“美麗的堤岸”，是蘇格蘭最大、最美的湖泊。位于湖東部和東北部的曠野高原地區被稱為“特羅薩克斯”，據說這里有全蘇格蘭最美麗的風景。沃爾特·斯科特爵士在（小說）《羅布·羅伊》和（詩歌）《湖夫人》中銘刻下這片地區，讓全世界見識到此地的美麗、歷史和浪漫。

你可以從一艘古典輪船的甲板上、自行車的座椅上，又或者在一條鄉村獨木舟上享受這個著名的湖泊以及周圍其他湖泊的美景。洛蒙德湖岸邊點綴著許多迷人的小鎮。在風景如畫的拉斯村，別具一格的石屋排列在湖邊。

這一地區有如此多美麗的水景，水在當地的口味和傳統里占有舉足輕重的地位也就不足為奇了。格蘭戈尼釀酒廠靜靜地藏身在肯普西山，選址于此是因為它靠近一處水源，而且地勢優越。任何訪客都可以證明，這里釀造的高原麥芽威士忌是對上等蘇格蘭威士忌這一遺產的美味禮贊。

和蘇格蘭威士忌同樣出名的還有蘇格蘭的羊毛。在羊毛中心，你可以了解到制造優質布料的各項傳統技能。從曠野里的牧羊犬到紡織，該中心以充滿娛樂性和知識性的方式向人們展示了整個過程。

從當地豐富的傳統生活，到美麗的沼地、高山和湖泊，蘇格蘭的這片地區有著眾多傳說、詩歌、歌曲和書籍，也是每一位品德高尚的蘇格蘭人珍愛的寶藏。

注釋

注1：沃爾特·斯科特（1771-1832），蘇格蘭作家及詩人，19世紀最出名的英國作家。

注2：指維多利亞女王（1819-1901）和她的丈夫——德國王子艾伯特。1861年艾伯特的突然去世給她造成巨大而持久的心靈傷痛。

注3：桂冠詩人是由英國國王或女王終身任命為王室成員的詩人，過去被要求寫詩來慶賀國事大典和頌揚王室。

注4：羅伯特·彭斯（1759-1796），蘇格蘭詩人。

注5：啟蒙運動是指在18世紀初至1789年法國大革命期間的一個新思維不斷涌現的時代，與理性主義等一起構成一個較長的文化運動時期。

注6：德懷特·戴維·艾森豪威爾（Dwight David Eisenhower，1890-1969），美國陸軍五星上將和第34任總統。第二次世界大戰期間，他擔任盟軍在歐洲的最高指揮官。