英語強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用法小議

在英語中，我們常用It is/was（not）… who/that結(jié)構(gòu)來突出強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分(主語，賓語或狀語)。在這個(gè)句型中，it沒有詞匯意義，只是引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表人的詞，用who或that連接都可以。如果是其它成分，則一律用that來連接。如

It is Tom who/that has broken the record. It was in this room that Tom was born.

一、在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)須注意的幾個(gè)問題：

A) 原句子是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句用It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + that (who)…;若原句子是過去時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句用：It was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + that (who)…

(1) Tom will work in China.---It is in China that Tom will work.

(2) I studied at this schooltwo years ago.

—It was at this school that I studied two years ago.

B) 即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是復(fù)數(shù)，It后始終用單數(shù)形式。如

Jim and Tom gave us much help.--It was Jim and Tom that gave us much help.

C) 強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)，可用who/ that，但若強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等時(shí)，不能用

when， where， why， how，仍用that，如：It is Jim who / that helps us make progress.

It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed．

It was because of the heavy rain that he came late．

D）被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是主語，who/that后謂語動(dòng)詞要在人稱和數(shù)上與原句主語一致。

（1） It is I who am right．（2） It is the students who are lovely．

E）被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是作主語的代詞，用主格，是作賓語的代詞，用賓格

It was he that helped me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday.

F）疑問句強(qiáng)調(diào)：be + it +…that+…? （一般）/特殊疑問詞+be + it that+…?（特殊 ） 如：（1）Was it you who put the book on my desk?(2) What is it that made him so angry?

G）雙賓語強(qiáng)調(diào)：無論強(qiáng)調(diào)哪個(gè)賓語，都必須根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的搭配關(guān)系，加上to或for等介詞。如：原句：He gave Mary a pen.

強(qiáng)調(diào)直賓：It was Mary that he gave a pen to. 強(qiáng)調(diào)間賓：It was a pen that he gave to Mary.

（H）強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)要用陳述句語序。如：I don’t know where it is that he has gone.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，who或that后面的謂語形式須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。如：

Lily speaks Chinese very well. —It is Lily that speaks Chinese very well.

(I) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語、表語、since， as等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。

二、 not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)間狀語的強(qiáng)調(diào)：It is/was not until+時(shí)間狀語+that+… 如：I didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night.

---It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed.

三、反意疑問句：It was Tom that broke the door， wasn’t it?

四、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的判斷：去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分(經(jīng)調(diào)整后) 是否依然是個(gè)完整的句子，若是，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，否則就不是。

It is a pity that you could not come. （不是）

It was at ten that he got home. （是）