院士風采

許 杰1901.01.29～1989.07.11

古生物學家、地質學家。安徽廣德人。1925年畢業于北京大學地質系。地質礦產部副部長、中國地質科學院院長。畢生研究古代重要化石門類（筆石），確立了中國南方含筆石地層劃分對比的基礎，對中國南方奧陶系、志留系筆石相地層時代劃分起了先導作用。對三角筆石生物體進行微細結構研究，解決了國際古生物界百年來未能解決的三角筆石形態結構、分類及演化方面的問題。通過早年的地質和礦產調查，尤其是50年代以來擔任地質部副部長、中國地質科學院院長等領導職務，對中國地質科技事業的發展作出了積極的貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Paleontologist and geologist. Born in Guangde, Anhui Province.Graduated from Peking University in 1925. Vice miniter, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, and president, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.

Xu spent his whole life on the study of graptolite, a group of important fossils in Paleozoic, and made foundational contributions to the division and correlation of graptolite-bearing strata in South China, especially creating a precedent of dividing Silurian-Ordovician graptolitic facies strata. He studied fine textures of Trigonograptus and solved the problem of feature, classification and evolution of fossils, which puzzled the world paleontological circle for 100 years.His studies on geology and mineral resources and his position as the vice minister enabled him to make a positive contribution to China’s geological undertakings.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

孫云鑄1895.11～1979.01.06

古生物學家、地質學家。江蘇高郵人。1920年北京大學地質系畢業。1927年獲德國哈勒大學地質系理學博士學位。中國地質科學院副院長。中國古生物學、地層學的奠基人之一，早期研究三葉蟲化石及中國古生界，1924年出版的《中國北部寒武紀動物化石》是中國學者第一部古生物志。對筆石、頭足類、海林檎、珊瑚等化石開展研究，取得重要成果。40～60年代，全面論述了劃分地史時代的三個原則，全面探討了中國古生代的海侵及生物分區等基礎理論問題，為地層古生物的發展做出重要貢獻。他為中國的地質事業培養了大批專門人才。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Paleontologist and stratigrapher. Borm in Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the Department of Geology, Peking University in 1920. Received Ph.D. from Halle University, Germany in 1927. Professor of paleontology, Peking University, chairman,Department of Geology, Geography and Meteorology of the Southwest Associated University from 1937 to 1946, chairman, Department of Geology, Peking University, superintendent, Education Bureau under the Ministry of Geology, vice president, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.

Sun was one of the most well-known paleontologists and stratigraphers and one of the founders of the palaeontological and stratigraphical sciences in China. His main research field was in trilobite paleontology and Paleozoic stratigraphy. But his interests and contributions extend much beyond these, covering a scope from nearly all branches of invertebrate paleontology to stratigraphic principles and geotectonics. He was also enthusiastic in academic activities. He took an active part the founding of the Geological Society of China in 1922 and the Palaeontological Society of China in 1929. He was elected more than once president of the two scientific organizations. In the international activities, he was among the earliest to represent China and to make the acquirement of Chinese geologists known to the world.He had been abroad several times and twice as the representative of China to the International Geological Congress.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.地質學家、古生物學家。陜西華縣人。1923年

楊鐘健1897.06.01～1979.01.15

畢業于北京大學地質系。1927年獲德國慕尼黑大學哲學博士學位。中國科學院古脊椎動物與古人類研究所研究員、所長。20年代，他的《中國北方嚙齒類化石》（德文）是中國人撰寫的第一部古脊椎動物學專著，從而在中國創立了這一學科。1928年負責周口店的發掘工作，此間發生了發現中國猿人第一顆頭蓋骨的劃時代事件。1937年以后，在云南祿豐領導發掘工作，獲大批恐龍及原始哺乳類化石。1949年后，與裴文中等籌建古脊椎動物研究室，為后來的中國科學院古脊椎動物與古人類研究所的建立奠定了基礎。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Geologist and paleontologist. Born in Huaxian, Shanxi Province.Graduated from the Department of Geology, Peking University in 1923.Received Ph. D. from Munich University, Germany in 1927. Research professor and director, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeonthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Yang’s “Rodent Fossil in North China” ( in German ) was the first treatise on vertebrate paleontology written by Chinese scientists in the 1920s and he established this discipline in China. In 1928, he presided over the excavation at Zhoukoudian, where the first skull-cap of Chinese ape-man was discovered in this period which is of epochmaking significance. After 1937, he presided over the excavation in Lufeng, Yunnan Province and obtained a lot of fossils of dinosaurs as well as mammalian. After 1949, collaborated with Pei Wenzhong and others, he prepared and established the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, which was the predecessor of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeonthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李四光1889.10.26～1971.04.29

地質學家。蒙古族。湖北黃岡人。1919年和1927年分別獲英國伯明翰大學碩士和博士學位。地質部部長、中國科學院副院長、中國科學技術協會主席。中國地質學會創始人之一。早年對蜓科化石及其地層分層意義有精湛的研究。提出了中國東部第四季冰川的存在。用力學觀點研究地殼運動及其與礦產分布的規律，建立了新的邊緣學科“地質力學”和“構造體系”概念。提出新華夏構造體系三個沉降帶有廣闊找油遠景的認識并為大慶、勝利等油田的發現所證實。開創了活動構造研究與地應力觀測相結合的預報地震途徑。晚年發表的“天文、地質、古生物資料”對我國學科打交叉的倡導產生了深遠影響。對中國地質教育、地質科學和地質事業的發展作出了巨大的貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Geologist. Born in Huanggang, Hubei Province. Mongolian nationality. Received M.Sc and D. from Birmingham University,UK in 1919 and 1927, respectively. Minister, Ministry of Geology,vice president, Chinese Academy of Sciences, chairman, Chinese Association for Science and Technology, and one of the founders of the Geological Society of China.

In his days, Li made intensive studies on fusulinides from the viewpoint of mechanics and stratigraphics of China. He discovered the presence of Quaternary glaciation in China. His studies on the crustal structure and crustal movement were based on the mechanics consideration and led to the concept of “tectonic system” such as the Neocathaysian and Cathaysian systems in China and the establishment of a new discipline “ geomechanics”. With the application of geomechanics, he found three trending belts occurring within the territory of China. This led to the discovery and successful exploration of gas and oil fields in Daqing and Shengli regions as well as the distribution of other mineral resources. With the combination of detecting active tectonic systems and measurements of stress fields in earth crust, he made earthquake predictions possible. In his late years,he published “Astronomy, Geology, Paleontology” which produced penetrating influence on the overlapping fields of different scientific disciplines. He contributed greatly to the development of geological education and geoscience in particular and geology in general.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.