摘要:“街”與“道”,在城市生產與生活中各有其不可替代的功能、形態、屬性,兩者相對獨立,各成系統;同時也相互銜接,有機過渡。經濟社會的快速發展,在大大促進城市化的同時,也造成以交通擁堵為突出特征的一系列城市病。為緩解城市層面的交通問題,城市當局不遺余力地加強交通性干道網絡的建設,但同時也造成了對生活性街道系統肌理、尺度的破壞,導致街區生活品質的下降,而這是有違城市發展初衷的。從一定意義上講,“街”才是反映城市生活本質的內在載體,“道”只是實現城市生活的外在手段,二者不應本末倒置。要踐行以人為本的城市發展理念,就需著力恢復街道的生機活力,并使之與“道”系統有機融合,各盡其職,各得其所。本文總結了車行交通建設對生活性街巷系統的不利影響,分析了城市當局厚此薄彼地進行傾向性建設的內在驅動機理,并據此提出在與車行交通系統合理銜接的前提下,恢復與加強富有活力的生活街巷系統的實現途徑及其激勵機制,力圖對在實踐中把握“街”與“道”的辯證關系提供有益參考。
關鍵詞:道街分離;“街”與“道”;生活性街巷;街道系統;人性化尺度
Abstract:It is emphasised that road and street are independent and irreplaceable from each other in their function, pattern and nature.With the fast development of our economic society, series of urban problems emerge in our daily life. Among those urban problems, traffic jams becomes an obvious characteristic. Inorder to remiss the traffic problems, the authorities begins to construct a lot of primary distributor roads at full stretch. At the same time, these measures destroyed livelihood streets and urban textures. To some degree,“the street”is reflected that the intrinsic essence of the city life, while“the road”is only an external method to realize the city life. To realized the idea of humanist urban development, it is necessary to restore street vigor. It is summarized the adverse effect of that the car transport damages street, and analyzed the measures which the urban authority favor one and discriminate against the other in this article.
Keywords: distinction between road and street;“the street”and“the road”;livelihood street;street system;human scale
中圖分類號:TU984.191
文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1008-0422(2011)06-0050-02
1研究問題引入
“道”與“街”之于城市,正如動脈循環與微循環之于人體,二者相輔相成,缺一不可。“街”對于傳統中國城市市民生活(尤其在缺少廣場的背景下)有何特殊意義?簡·雅各布斯說過:“如果一個城市的街道看上去很有意思,這個城市也會顯得很有意思;……