中圖分類號(hào):G63 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1008-925X(2010)12-0151-01
摘要:巧妙的導(dǎo)入引人入勝,既可以促使學(xué)生在心理和知識(shí)上做好學(xué)習(xí)課文的準(zhǔn)備,可以調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,積極進(jìn)入良好的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài);又能激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和求知欲望,使學(xué)生集中精神學(xué)習(xí)新的內(nèi)容,從而提高課堂教學(xué)的質(zhì)量。
關(guān)鍵詞:高中英語(yǔ) 課堂教學(xué) 導(dǎo)入技巧
新編英語(yǔ)教材在原有教材的基礎(chǔ)上作了大量的變動(dòng),因此,我們?cè)儆靡酝慕虒W(xué)方法已完全不能適應(yīng)時(shí)代的要求。那么,如何有效地呈現(xiàn)教材中的知識(shí)點(diǎn),是我們廣大英語(yǔ)教師所面臨的共同課題。現(xiàn)結(jié)合本人的教學(xué)實(shí)踐,就高中新課的導(dǎo)入技巧舉例如下:
一、設(shè)疑置懸,導(dǎo)入新課
“學(xué)貴有疑”,疑是積極思維和探索問(wèn)題的動(dòng)力。一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師常常善于在教學(xué)之始設(shè)疑布陣,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生去猜測(cè),去預(yù)估,去聯(lián)想,去拓展,將學(xué)生的注意力集中到將要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容中去。
如,教師在聽力活動(dòng)前,先向?qū)W生介紹所要聽的材料的背景,然后設(shè)置懸念,激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的好奇心及求知欲。如人教版必修模塊 (二)第五單元的聽力時(shí),可作如下導(dǎo)入:
T:Have a look at this picture (show a picture of a frog).Do you know what it is?
Ss:It’s a frog.
T:Right. But he is not a common frog. His name is Freddy. He has a special quality. Can you guess what special quality Freddy has?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T:When Freddy was young. He was a little tad pole. As time went by quickly,he soon became a frog. One day,F(xiàn)reddy sat on the water lily leaf and slid his long,thin legs into the water. Suddenly,he heard some music across the lake. Then what would happen?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T:You may have many difficult ideas about what happened to Freddy. Now let’s listen to the story about Freddy and see what Freddy found when he swam slowly towards the sound.
在接下來(lái)的部分是閱讀更多關(guān)于Freddy的生活,所以在聽力之后,可繼續(xù)以設(shè)疑置懸的方式導(dǎo)入。
T:So do you think Freddy and the other frogs were going to form a band?Now let me tell you that they formed a band and soon became famous and then they went to Britain to give performances. Then what would happen in Britain?Would they succeed or fail?
這種懸念誘導(dǎo)的方法,吸引學(xué)生自覺(jué)地走進(jìn)課堂,使他們一開始就成為探求問(wèn)題答案的主動(dòng)者,掌握學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)權(quán)。但教師提問(wèn)時(shí),要注意提問(wèn)的廣泛性。使每個(gè)學(xué)生都有答題的機(jī)會(huì),而不能只針對(duì)幾位成績(jī)好的學(xué)生,這樣無(wú)疑會(huì)挫傷其他學(xué)生的積極性,使他們將自己排除在課堂之外。
二、看圖提示,再現(xiàn)情境
新編高中英語(yǔ)教材圖文并茂,幾乎每一篇閱讀課文均配有與該材料有密切聯(lián)系的插圖,有的是為了提示教材難點(diǎn),有的是為了印證教材觀點(diǎn),有的是為了教材重點(diǎn)服務(wù)。通過(guò)對(duì)此圖的描述、問(wèn)答和教師言簡(jiǎn)意賅、提綱挈領(lǐng)的導(dǎo)語(yǔ),引入本課的話題,使學(xué)生適度了解話題的內(nèi)容,易激發(fā)學(xué)生內(nèi)在的學(xué)生動(dòng)力,使課堂氣氛活躍,并使其產(chǎn)生閱讀課文以了解信息的愿望,為以下教學(xué)鋪平道路。這種方法多用于高中一、二年級(jí)故事題材課文的教學(xué)。展示圖片的提問(wèn)的方式要根據(jù)新課內(nèi)容和教師的意圖而定,由淺入深,突出重點(diǎn)。
如必修模塊(二)第二單元的閱讀文章The Story of Atlanta,可利用教學(xué)掛圖或教材中的圖片作如下導(dǎo)入:
T:Look at the first picture. What can you see in it?
Ss:Two people.
T:Who is the man?
Ss:He is the king.
T:What about the girl?
Ss:She is her daughter.
T:Yes,she is a princess. She is named Atlanta and they are talking about her marriage. Now let’s look at the second picture. This time what can we see here?
Ss:We can see a young man and a fairy.
T:Good. The man is named Hippomenes and the fairy is the Goddess of Love. We can see the Goddess of Love is giving something to Hippomenes. What is she giving to him?
Ss:Some apples.
T:Right. In fact she is giving Hippomenes some golden apples. What does golden mean?
Ss:金的;金色的
T: Good. But why does the Goddess give Hippomenes some golden apples?What are they used for?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T: OK,let’s find out the right answer in the passage.
從上述師生的對(duì)話中,教師不僅引導(dǎo)了學(xué)生運(yùn)用已學(xué)過(guò)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí),而且?guī)熒g的對(duì)話起到了復(fù)習(xí)鞏固和交際運(yùn)用的作用,并恰到好處地與新內(nèi)容聯(lián)系起來(lái),激發(fā)了學(xué)生對(duì)新知識(shí)的好奇與渴求。在對(duì)話中自然呈現(xiàn)新單詞Atlanta,princess,marriage,Hippomenes. Goddess,golden,有助于學(xué)生較準(zhǔn)確地理解課文。這種導(dǎo)入起到了事半功倍之效。
總之,新課的課堂導(dǎo)入方法非常靈活多樣。只要教師在備課過(guò)程中注意多動(dòng)腦筋,多積類就能充分利用學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn)和好奇心理,根據(jù)新教材豐富的語(yǔ)言材料的特點(diǎn)來(lái)導(dǎo)入新課。這樣才能充分激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和求知欲望,拓展學(xué)生的思維,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)實(shí)際運(yùn)用的能力,思維能力,想象力,提高課堂教學(xué)的質(zhì)量。