人稱代詞需重視的幾種用法

譚書勤

一、人稱代詞的概論

人稱代詞是用來指人、動物或事物的代詞。有人稱,數和格的變化。

二、人稱代詞的變化

三、使用人稱代詞的幾個重點

如果是兩個或兩個以上的人稱代詞并用時,從禮貌上通常以這樣的順序出現:

1. 單數代詞:①you ②he, she ③I

我和你You and I, 他和你You and he, 我和他 He and I, 你我他You, he and I

瑪麗和我是同學。Mary and I are classmates.

你我他是好朋友。You, he and I are good friends.

2. 如果是復數代詞時,順序會改變:①we ②you ③they

We and they; We and you; You and they; We, you and they

我們,你們和他們都是好學生。We, you and they are good students.

我們與他們經常一起去購物。We and they often go shopping together.

3. 如果是第三人稱男女兩性并用時,男先女后。

她和他都是15歲。Both he and she are fifteen years old.

4. 如果是承認過失,表示不吉祥的事,或有不好的意思時,單數按1,3,2,即I, he and you的人稱排列; 復數按3,2,1,即They, you and we的人稱排列。

我和湯姆打破了這個窗戶。I and Tom broke the window.

我、他和你今天都遲到了。I, he and you are late today.

我們,你們還有他們應該馬上離開那兒。We, you and they should leave there at once.

5. 如果是和比自己身份低的人或動物并用時,先說I。

孩子們和我一起去游泳。I and my children go swimming together.

四、人稱代詞的格

根據人稱代詞在句中的作用可分為:主格和賓格。主格在句中主要用作主語,賓格用作賓語。

①She is always smiling on her face. 她總是面帶微笑。

②The teacher thinks we are wrong. 老師認為我們錯了。

③My dad usually sends my sister and me to school. 爸爸常常送我和妹妹去上學。

五、人稱代詞作賓語的用法

人稱代詞只能作及物動詞的賓語或者介詞的賓語——即作動詞+介詞的賓語,用符號表示為:vt.+O, prep.+O即vi.+prep.+O (vt.代表及物動詞,vi.代表不及物動詞,O代表賓語) 如:

He often reads books with his brother. 他經常和他的弟弟一起看書。(vt.+O)

We look after our new students at school. 在校內,我們照顧我們的新同學。(vi.+prep.+O)

六、同學們常出現在作業中的典型錯誤

①誤: Mum often gives Mary and I some cakes.

正: Mum often gives Mary and me some cakes.

析: 瑪麗和我都是作賓語(間接賓語),故應用賓格,主格不能作賓語。

②誤: I always do homework at home.

正: I always do my homework at home.

析: do ones homework 是固定結構,不能少了中間的代詞(物主代詞),應加上my。

③誤: Jack knows my both sisters.

正: Jack knows both my sisters.

析: 像my, your, his, her, our, their等這一類代詞(物主代詞),與both, all這些詞一起使用時,必須放在both, all的后面。

④誤: I, Andy and Rosa are singing a song now.

正: Andy, Rosa and I are singing a song now.

析: ①首先要考慮:“如果是第三人稱男女兩性并用時,男先女后”。這里Andy是男孩,Rosa是女孩,故Andy在最前面;②其次要考慮“如果是兩個或兩個以上的人稱代詞并用時,從禮貌上通常為2-3-1”。這里沒有第二人稱代詞,故將Andy, Rosa放在前面,而把I放在最后。

七、中考典型習題練練兵

1. Xiao Shengyang says that ____ job is to make people happy.(09臨沂)

A. his B. he C. him D. himself

2. ——Is this kite ____, Tom?

——Yes, its mine. Its made by ____.(09成都)

A. yours; myself B. mine; myself C. ours; himself

3. ——Excuse me. I want to buy some milk. Where can I find a shop?(09成都)

——Oh, I know ____ not far from my home.

A. it B. that C. one

4. ——Linda, help ____ to some fruit. (09重慶)

——Thank you!

A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselve

5. ——What a nice MP5!Whose is it?

——Its ____. My father bought it for me.(09河南)

A. me B. him C. his D. mine

6. Mr. Wang is very friendly, and ____ like him very much.(09北京)

A. we B. us C. our D. ours

[Key:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A]