微技能在高中英語基礎寫作中的應用

基礎寫作是廣東高考英語的一個重要組成部分，目的是考查考生最基礎的書面表達能力，即用詞的合理性、句子結構的復雜度、語法運用的正確性、信息內容的完整性、句子之間的連貫性等。教師在教學過程中注重對學生進行基礎的寫作微技能的指導，既可以培養學生良好的寫作習慣，又可以提升學生的寫作能力。所謂“微技能”，就是要準確、嚴謹地使用英語語法和純正、地道的英語;句型結構要變化多樣;文章邏輯順序要正確、條理清晰，上下文銜接要連貫。

準確嚴謹地運用英語語法

單詞的大小寫、名詞的單復數、動詞的時態和語態、主謂一致等，這些看似簡單而又重要的細節，往往因為學生的忽略而導致評分者對整篇文章的評估。因此需要教師的正確引導，使學生養成良好的語法運用習慣。英語語法種類繁多，條條框框非常瑣碎，如果僅憑死記硬背的話，學生會不勝其煩。實際上，只要本著實用的原則，與語言的運用結合起來，語法的學習也是富有樂趣的。因此對于語法的學習，教師應該教會學生善于在理解的基礎上學習、在學習中歸納語法規則、在錯誤中總結語法規律、在交際中使用語法監控等，這樣才能起到促進理解、監控輸出的作用，使學生的語言知識與技能融為一體。

完美地使用英語詞匯和短語

英語的詞匯和短語表達豐富多樣，但又各有不同，就算是近義的表達也有等級之分。在寫作文時，如果能正確、完美地使用豐富的詞匯和短語，文章就會豐富而不單調，生動而不沉悶，活潑而不呆板。如下文:

30% students questioned say they think it better not to have physical exercise. They believe there’s no time to spare for sports for Senior 3 students and it will have a bad effect on study if the student gets hurt or too tired in it. While 70% students consider we should do necessary physical exercise. They hold the view that it is a good relaxation and will surely do good to our study. Half of them stick to running every day， and others prefer to play basketball， table tennis， badminton or do something else.

在這篇短文中，作者分別使用了think， consider， believe， hold the view that來陳述相同的內容，詞匯短語變化不斷，大大豐富了文章的表現力，搖曳生姿。

合理靈活地使用多樣的句型結構

變化多樣的句型結構，可以最真實地反映學生的語言表達能力和水平，也可以折射出學生對高中階段重點句型的掌握程度，是學生思維能力和對文章的組織能力的綜合體現。對句型結構的靈活運用，可以大大增加文章的亮色、節奏和韻律美，使文章達到潤色的效果。

H1N1 flu is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the H1N1 virus， which is spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with flu. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it. The symptons of H1N1 virus in people include fever， cough， sore throat， running or stuffy nose， body aches， headache， chills and fatigue. If you are infected， stay at home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone apart from getting medical care， but don’t be panic. To prevent yourself from getting sick， you should wash your hands often， cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing and sneezing and try to avoid close contact with sick people.

精心巧妙地使用連詞

連詞作為一種銜接機制，不僅能保持主從句在意義上的連貫，而且在語篇連貫中也發揮著至關重要的連接作用。中國學生因為受漢語思維的影響，在英語寫作中普遍存在著連詞誤用和連詞缺省兩類問題，導致文章缺乏連貫，邏輯性差。為了使文章段落之間緊密連貫，結構渾然一體，增強文章的說服力和感染力，應該在句與句、段落與段落之間，恰當地使用一些過渡性詞和連詞，使文意起承轉合更加清晰、流暢。如:

After a heated discussion， we agreed to climb the mountain outside the city which we often passed by， but it was the first time we had thought of climbing it. We started early in the morning， at about 8:00 am when we were taking a bus out of the city. About an hour later， we began to feel tired， but there was still a long way to go. We took a short break and then went on climbing. Not until lunch time did we get to the top of the mountain， and at the sight of our beautiful city below us，we felt happy though we were tired out.

寫作的最終目的是為了溝通。好的寫作技巧是有效溝通的基礎，要寫出一篇好的英語作文不是一朝一夕就能做到的。除了借助以上微技能方法之外，還需從平時入手，勤寫多練，以提高自己的寫作水平和語言表達能力。

責任編輯 魏文琦