院士風(fēng)采

王淦昌 1907.5.28～1998.12.10

核物理學(xué)家。江蘇常德人。1929年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)。1934年獲德國柏林大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國核工業(yè)總公司科技顧問、研究員。40年代初提出通過輕原子核俘獲K殼層電子釋放中微子時(shí)產(chǎn)生反沖中微子的創(chuàng)造性實(shí)驗(yàn)方法。在十一國聯(lián)合原子核研究所工作期間，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了反西格瑪負(fù)超子。首次觀察到基本粒子相互作用中產(chǎn)生的帶奇異夸克的反粒子。在中國第一顆原子彈和第一顆氫彈研究試制中作出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。1964年提出用激光照射氘氚而產(chǎn)生中子的設(shè)想，并于其后不久獲得實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，為后來的慣性約束聚變獲取核能做了開啟性工作。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Nuclear physicist. Born in Changshu,Jiangsu Province.Granduated from Tsinghua University in 1929. Received Ph.D. inBerlin University, German in 1934. Scientific and technologicaladvisor and research professor, China National NuclearCorporation.

In his early years, Wang proposed a new method to studyhigh energy ray using cloud chamber. He proposed an originalexperimental method to catch the recoil neutrino which emergedwhen K-layer electron emitted neutrino by means of light atomicnuclear in the 1940s. During his work in the 11th Institute ofthe United Nations Atomic Nuclear, he led the finding of theanti sigma negahyperon. He first observed the antiparticle withstrange quark which emerged in the interaction of basic particles.He made an important contribution in the design of China's firstatomic bomb andhydrogen bomb. In 1964,he suggested and laterworked out that whena mixture of deuteriumand tritium is incident bya laser beam, neutronsshould be emitted. Thissi actually the conceptionof Inertial ConfinementFusion(ICF).

He became Memberof the Chinese Academyof Sciences in 1955.

王湘浩 1915.5.5～1993.5.4

代數(shù)學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家。河北安平人。1937年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)。1949年獲美國普林斯頓大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。吉林大學(xué)教授。主要從事代數(shù)數(shù)論和賦值論、人工智能學(xué)等方面的教學(xué)與研究并取得多項(xiàng)重要成果。40年代糾正了格倫瓦爾定理的錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)該定理作了推廣并給出了該定理成立的充要條件，重新論證了狄克遜猜想。證明了代數(shù)數(shù)域上單純代數(shù)換位子群與其么模子群相等。提出并解決了利用“保n項(xiàng)關(guān)系”的方法解決多值邏輯中函數(shù)集的完備性問題。在定理機(jī)器證明和計(jì)算機(jī)代數(shù)方面，推廣了歸結(jié)原理，并推廣而且改進(jìn)了Vincent 定理。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Algebra and computer scientist. Born in Anping, HebeiProvince. Graduated from Peking University in 1937. ReceivedPh.D. from Princeton University, USA in 1949. Professor, JilinUniversity.

Wang was mainly engaged in the education and researchin th fields of algebra number theory, assignment theory andartificial intelligence. He made many important achievements.In the 1940s, he corrected the errors in Grunwald’s theorem.With generalized and proposed sufficient-and-necessaryconditions for the theorem, he reproved the Diksion Conjecture.He proved the equivalent relation between the commutator groupof simple algebra on algebraic number field and its unimodularsubgroup. He presented and solved the problem of function setcompleteness in multiple-valued logic by using‘ PrdservingN-Item Relationship’method. In the theorem mechanicalproving and computer algebra, he generalized the resolutionprinciple, and generalized and modified the Vincent theorem.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in1955.

馬大猷 1915.3.1～

物理學(xué)家。原籍廣東潮陽，生于北京。北京大學(xué)理學(xué)學(xué)士（1936）。美國哈佛大學(xué)碩士（1939）、哲學(xué)博士（1940）。中國科學(xué)院聲學(xué)研究所研究員。主要從事物理聲學(xué)和建筑聲學(xué)的研究，極大地發(fā)展了房間聲學(xué)中的簡正波理論，提出簡正頻率分布定律和房間混響的分析方法。50年代設(shè)計(jì)建造了具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的中國第一個(gè)聲學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和第一個(gè)水聲實(shí)驗(yàn)室。60年代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)建造了我國第一個(gè)高聲強(qiáng)試驗(yàn)室。提出了語音統(tǒng)計(jì)分布的理論，開創(chuàng)了我國語言聲學(xué)的研究工作和駐極體電容傳聲器的研制工作。成功地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了北京人民大會(huì)堂的音質(zhì)設(shè)計(jì)。建立了電動(dòng)氣流揚(yáng)聲器理論、微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)理論、流體動(dòng)力噪聲的壓力定律，小孔消聲器和擴(kuò)散消聲器理論，室內(nèi)聲場分布理論，室內(nèi)聲場有源控制理論和非線性駐波理論。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Ma is mainly engaged in the research on physical andarchitectural acoustics. He developed greatly the normal modetheory of room acoustics by establishing the law of distributionof normal frequencies and the method of analysis of roomreverberation. He designed China’s first acoustics researchlaboratory and first underwater acoustics laboratory in the1950s and first high-intensity acoustecal testing laboratoryin the 1960s. He proposed the law of distribution of speechsounds and initiated research on automatic speech recognitionand the development of electret condenser microphones. Heestablished the theory of electropneumatic loudspeakers, theoryof microperforated panelabsorbing constructions, pressure law ofaerodynamic noises, theory of micropore and diffuser mufflers,theory of interial sound field, theory of active noise control inrooms and theory of nonlinear standing waves.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Scienses in1955.

王竹溪 1911.6.7～1983.1.30

物理學(xué)家。湖北公安人。1933年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)。1938年獲英國劍橋大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。北京大學(xué)教授、副校長。主要從事理論物理特別是熱力學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)物理等方面的教學(xué)工作與科學(xué)研究，在湍流尾流理論、吸附統(tǒng)計(jì)理論、超點(diǎn)陣統(tǒng)計(jì)理論、熱力學(xué)平衡與穩(wěn)定性、多元溶液、熱力學(xué)絕對(duì)溫標(biāo)、熱力學(xué)第三定律、物質(zhì)內(nèi)部有輻射的熱傳導(dǎo)問題以及基本物理常數(shù)等廣泛領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了許多研究，取得多項(xiàng)重要成果。在有序無序變化的統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)理論方面將貝特理論作了重要推廣，在熱力學(xué)的理論研究方面作出了多方面的推廣。同時(shí)對(duì)物理學(xué)史、基本物理常數(shù)和漢字檢索機(jī)器化方案等作了不少有成效的研究。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Gong’an,Hubei Province. Graduated fromTsinghua University in 1933,Received Ph.D. from CambridgeUniversity, UK in 1938. Professorand vice president , PekingUniversity.

Wang was mainly engagedin the teaching and research oftheoretical physics, especiallythermodynamics, statistic physics,mathematical physics,etc..Hestudied the extensive aspectsof turbulent backwash theory,adsorption statistic theory ,superlattice statistic theory, thermodynamic balance and stability,polynary solution, thermodynamic absolute temperature, the third lawof thermodynamics, pyroconduct problem with radiation within matters,basic physical constants, etc..and made several important achievements.In the research on order and disorder transition lf statistic mechanicstheory, he made important generalization to Baird theory. He madeseveral generalizations in thermodynamic theories. He also made someachievements in the research on physics history, basic physical constants,the machine retrieval plan of Chinese word, etc..

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.