悟性是指人對事物的分析和理解能力。高中英語閱讀教學已越來越強調培養和發展學生獲取信息、理解信息和處理信息的能力。因此,教師逐句解釋疑難詞句、歸納文章主旨的傳統模式已不適合當前英語教學的發展,學生閱讀悟性能力的培養和發展方式應該成為探討與研究的重點。
語感的模擬訓練
教師可通過多媒體讓學生感知文章的寫作背景、可能出現的人物、語言環境、情感情調等,引導學生假借作者或文章中主人公的角色,直接體驗作者在寫作時或主人公在說話時的情境、心情、思想與意境,讓學生不自覺地接受語言環境及語言情感的熏陶,不斷激活背景知識網絡,刺激學生的發散思維。以北師大版Book 2 Unit 6 Lesson 4 “The House on Mango Street”為例,我讓學生在聽錄音及朗讀之前討論:Suppose you live in a poor family and have to move to different houses constantly since you don’t have your house. Now, you are talking about the feeling on moving frequently and your dreaming house. How would you think of it?
情景的創設體驗
聯系實際生活,感悟真情實景。如在“The House on Mango Street”的教學之前,設計這個環節:Describe a poor house which you’ve seen before. 這讓學生翻開了自己的生活圖片。在隨后的閱讀中,學生對比性地感受作者精彩的心理和場景描寫,迅速形成真切的體驗和深刻的感悟。
拓展文章內容,感悟語言內涵。如在完成“The House on Mango Street”的教學后,我讓一半學生扮演地產中介商,另一半學生扮演因不滿現在的住房而尋找房子的租客,要求中介商在交流中要設法獲得租客換房子的原因、想尋找什么房子的信息。
詞匯的意義推斷
如廣東省2008年高考題:
Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? ...
“...There was just a complete gap in taste.”
Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.
Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, ...
41. The underlined word gulf in Para. 3 most probably means .
A. interestB. distance
C. difference D. separation
如果僅從字面意思看,gulf是“海灣、分歧、 鴻溝”的意思,但根據上下文中alike, the same,a complete gap in taste,often appeared to move in separate orbits等信息,作者想表達的應該指父母與小孩之間的“差異”,即答案C,而非僅表達字面意思的答案B。
篇章的整體思維閱讀訓練
以北師大版Book 5 Unit 13 Lesson 1 “EQ : IQ”為例,我首先讓學生做幾道有關IQ的測試,然后讓學生分析為什么有的博士成名成家,而有的博士卻一事無成甚至是自殺絕后。接下來我讓學生在略讀中完成“What is IQ/ EQ? Can IQ/ EQ be improved?”這兩篇文章結構不同,第一篇文章是說明文,第二篇是議論文。第一篇的三個自然段的結構基本相同,我讓學生尋找Fact and Opinion,在接受了第一自然段的理解方法后,遷移式地迅速感悟其他段落的結構方式,加快了閱讀和理解速度。第二篇從“大眾觀點”到“專家意見”最后形成“主旨觀點”,我改用邏輯推理式的閱讀方法,提問:Why do people and Professor Mayer hold different opinion on the importance of IQ and EQ?How EQ can be improved?
語言知識的內化與輸出實踐
以北師大版Book 5 Unit 13 Lesson 1 “EQ : IQ”為例,在完成課堂閱讀教學后,可以設計這樣一道習題: Now, one of your schoolmates, who has a high IQ and is good at study, cannot get on well with her roommates at school and she always gets annoyed. After she had this lesson, she seemed to realise the problem and came to you for help. Please give her some advice based on the knowledge of IQ and EQ and tell her how she can improve her EQ.學生既復習了文章的信息內容,又創造性地運用了文章的語言知識,還實實在在地解決了實際問題,這種能力也會在今后的閱讀中得到進一步的提升。
責任編輯 魏文琦